Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is meant by population momentum?
What is meant by population momentum?
- Population size is directly proportional to the crude death rate.
- Population continues to grow even after the growth rate declines. (correct)
- Population immediately stabilizes after a decline in birth rates.
- Population growth ceases at the maturity of children born during high growth.
What typically affects crude mortality rates?
What typically affects crude mortality rates?
- Population age structure (correct)
- Access to healthcare and sanitation (correct)
- Average income levels in the country
- The number of births per year
Why do families in Niger tend to have more children?
Why do families in Niger tend to have more children?
- Very high child mortality rates (correct)
- High levels of female education
- Low child mortality and high life expectancy
- Government incentives for larger families
What is meant by total fertility rate?
What is meant by total fertility rate?
Which of the following factors is associated with high birth rates?
Which of the following factors is associated with high birth rates?
Which trend is likely found in more developed countries regarding birth and death rates?
Which trend is likely found in more developed countries regarding birth and death rates?
How do rapidly growing countries compare to slowly growing countries in terms of age structure?
How do rapidly growing countries compare to slowly growing countries in terms of age structure?
What is meant by crude death rate?
What is meant by crude death rate?
Which of the following statements is true about child mortality?
Which of the following statements is true about child mortality?
Flashcards
Total growth rate
Total growth rate
The net change in population per year, expressed as a percentage.
Population momentum
Population momentum
The tendency for a population to continue growing even after birth rates have declined. This happens because a large proportion of the population is young and will eventually reach reproductive age.
Crude birth rate
Crude birth rate
The number of births per thousand people in a year. It is not adjusted for population characteristics like the number of women of reproductive age.
Crude death rate
Crude death rate
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Total fertility rate
Total fertility rate
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Rapidly growing country
Rapidly growing country
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Aging country
Aging country
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Developed country
Developed country
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Developing country
Developing country
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International poverty line
International poverty line
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Study Notes
Population Growth and Factors Influencing it
- Growth Rate: Expressed as a percentage, representing the net change in population per year. Low-income countries often have high growth rates.
- Population Momentum: Population size changes slowly even after growth rates decline due to children born during high-growth periods maturing and having children later.
- Crude Birth Rate: Number of births per 1,000 people in a year – considered crude as it's not adjusted for age or other population characteristics. High in low-income countries (35-40 births per 1,000).
- Crude Death Rate (Mortality Rate): Number of deaths per 1,000 people. Sensitive to age structure. Lower in rapidly growing countries (e.g., Qatar – 1 per 1,000) compared to slow-growing developed countries (e.g., Portugal – 10 per 1,000) due to differences in age distributions.
- Mortality's Influence on Birth Rate: High mortality rates, especially child mortality, drive up birth rates in countries facing such issues. Poverty and lack of healthcare contribute to high child mortality (e.g., Niger).
- Total Fertility Rate: Average number of children born to a woman during her reproductive life. Widely varying rates, even without modern birth control. Factors such as food shortages, illnesses, cultural practices, male pride, religious dogma, and lack of female control influence fertility. Historical high rates have been observed in elite groups. (e.g., 25-30 births for upper-class English women in 17-18th centuries and high rates in specific Anabaptist groups).
Country Examples and Comparisons
- Niger: High child mortality, poverty (43.6% below $1.90/day international poverty line), and low female literacy (around 10%) contribute to high birth and growth rates. Contrastingly, Portugal has low birth and mortality rates, low fertility, and low child mortality, due to wealth and infrastructure.
- Portugal: Low birth and mortality rates, an aging population (more elderly than young), and high per capita income.
- Qatar: Rapid growth, low crude death rates (1 per 1,000) due to young population.
- China: Transitioning from high-growth profiles (like Niger) towards those similar to Portugal (low growth) due to demographic changes.
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