Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which process, similar to natural selection, alters the genetic makeup of a population and contributes to evolution?
Which process, similar to natural selection, alters the genetic makeup of a population and contributes to evolution?
- Gene flow
- Genetic drift (correct)
- Non-random mating
- Mutation accumulation
What distinguishes genetic drift from natural selection regarding their impact on a population's adaptation to its environment?
What distinguishes genetic drift from natural selection regarding their impact on a population's adaptation to its environment?
- Genetic drift increases adaptation, while natural selection decreases it.
- Both processes equally contribute to a population's adaptation to its environment.
- Genetic drift is a random process unrelated to environmental adaptation, unlike natural selection. (correct)
- Natural selection is random, while genetic drift is directional towards adaptation.
Why does genetic drift have a more pronounced effect on small populations compared to larger ones?
Why does genetic drift have a more pronounced effect on small populations compared to larger ones?
- Small populations have more diverse gene pools, stabilizing allele frequencies.
- Chance events have a proportionately larger impact on allele frequencies in smaller populations. (correct)
- Natural selection is more efficient in small populations, counteracting genetic drift.
- Larger populations have a higher mutation rate, overwhelming the effects of drift.
What is the likely outcome of an allele within a population due to genetic drift?
What is the likely outcome of an allele within a population due to genetic drift?
How does the rate at which a new mutation takes hold compare between small and large populations in genetic drift?
How does the rate at which a new mutation takes hold compare between small and large populations in genetic drift?
What scenario exemplifies the founder effect?
What scenario exemplifies the founder effect?
The Founder Effect is considered a special case of which of the following evolutionary mechanisms?
The Founder Effect is considered a special case of which of the following evolutionary mechanisms?
According to population genetics theory, what event constitutes a population bottleneck?
According to population genetics theory, what event constitutes a population bottleneck?
How does a population bottleneck affect the genetic diversity of a population?
How does a population bottleneck affect the genetic diversity of a population?
What are the likely consequences of inbreeding within a population?
What are the likely consequences of inbreeding within a population?
What is the term used to describe the introduction of genetic material from one population to another?
What is the term used to describe the introduction of genetic material from one population to another?
What is the source of totally new genetic variation in a population?
What is the source of totally new genetic variation in a population?
How do novel mutations impact a population's evolutionary trajectory?
How do novel mutations impact a population's evolutionary trajectory?
Which factor determines whether a mutation will persist or spread within a population?
Which factor determines whether a mutation will persist or spread within a population?
What term describes a mutation that doesn't produce any change (positive or negative) for the organism?
What term describes a mutation that doesn't produce any change (positive or negative) for the organism?
Which of the following mutation types involves changes to the number of sets of chromosomes within a cell?
Which of the following mutation types involves changes to the number of sets of chromosomes within a cell?
Which of the following provides the most accurate definition of a 'silent' mutation at the DNA level?
Which of the following provides the most accurate definition of a 'silent' mutation at the DNA level?
Which of the following describes a 'frameshift' mutation?
Which of the following describes a 'frameshift' mutation?
What would violating the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium lead to?
What would violating the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium lead to?
When considering the 'five fingers of evolution,' what evolutionary force does the thumb represent?
When considering the 'five fingers of evolution,' what evolutionary force does the thumb represent?
Flashcards
Mutation
Mutation
Alteration in a DNA sequence that is present in a small fraction of the population.
Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift
The random change in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation.
Founder Effect
Founder Effect
A case of genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals start a new population.
Gene Flow
Gene Flow
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Non-random mating
Non-random mating
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Phenotypic Variance (Vp)
Phenotypic Variance (Vp)
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Study Notes
- This lesson covers population genetics and evolution.
- A video link is provided that introduces genetics and evolution. https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:slicS-9i@2/Introduction
Phenotype Variation
- Phenotype variation (Vp) equals genetic variation (Vg) plus environmental variation.
Forces Driving Evolution
- The forces that drive evolution will be discussed.
Genetic Drift
- Like natural selection, genetic drift can lead to evolution by altering a population's inherited traits.
- Unlike natural selection, genetic drift is random and not related to fitness or adaptation to the environment.
- The rate of alleles in a population can change randomly from generation to generation, causing an allele to dominate or disappear entirely.
- In smaller populations, a new mutation has a better chance of taking hold.
Founder Effect
- The founder effect is a type of genetic drift which occurs when a new population is started by a small number of individuals.
- In this situation, some alleles become more or less common than in the parent population, which can happen randomly.
Population Bottleneck
- A population bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events.
- These types of events can reduce the diversity of the gene pool of a population.
Non-Random Mating
- Non random mating can lead to inbreeding depression
Mutations
- Mutations are changes to an organism's DNA.
- They are an important driver of genetic variation within populations.
- Mutations help account for polyphormism
- They are also how species evolve over time.
- Mutations can be harmful or beneficial depending on whether they help an organism survive and reproduce.
- Some mutations are neutral, but can still become established in the genome without affecting natural selection.
Gene Flow
- Gene flow is the movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals or their gametes.
- Some consider gene flow just as migration.
Lesson Summary
- The five fingers of evolution are:
- genetic drift
- mating
- mutations
- movement
- natural selection
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