Population Density and Change Quiz

Study Notes

Population Density and Distribution

Population density refers to the number of people living in a given area (usually per square kilometer).
Population distribution shows how people are spread across a region.
Physical factors influencing these include: climate, landforms, resources, and soil quality.
Human factors include: economic opportunities, political stability, and cultural preferences.

Calculating Population Density

Formula: Population Density = Total Population / Land Area.

Population Change

Influenced by birth rates, death rates, and migration.
Natural increase occurs when birth rate exceeds death rate.
Net migration occurs when people move into a region (immigration) or move out (emigration).

Population Pyramids

Graphical representation of a population's age and gender structure.
Shows age distribution, dependency ratio (young and old vs. working population), and potential for future population growth.
Wide base: high birth rates, rapid growth.
Narrow base: low birth rates, slow (or declining) growth.

Birth Rates and Death Rates

Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
Factors influencing them include: healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and socioeconomic factors.

Development

Refers to improvements in a country's standard of living.
Measured through social and economic indicators, demonstrating progress, quality-of-life, and overall well-being.

Social: Literacy rates, life expectancy, infant mortality rates, access to education and healthcare.
Economic: GDP per capita, income inequality, employment rates, and levels of industrialization.

Coasts

Areas where land meets the ocean, shaped by erosion and deposition.
Erosion: wearing away of land by water, wind, and ice.
Deposition: dropping of sediment carried by water, wind, or ice.

Prevailing Wind and Processes of Erosion

Prevailing winds drive waves towards the shore, causing erosion through:
- Attrition: Rock fragments collide and break down.
- Hydraulic action: Force of water compressing air in cracks, causing rocks to break.
- Corrasion: Rocks carried by waves grind against cliffs.
- Abrasion: Sand and pebbles carried by water scour the cliffs.

Cliff Formation

Erosive processes create:
- Wave-cut notches: indentations at the base of cliffs.
- Wave-cut platforms: flat, rocky areas created by erosion.

Headlands and Bays

Headlands: resistant rock formations that jut out into the sea, subject to intense erosion.
Bays: recesses in the coastline formed where weaker rock has been eroded.

Erosion of Headlands

Leads to the formation of:
- Stacks: isolated pillars of rock.
- Stumps: remnants of stacks.
- Arches: natural openings eroded through headlands.

Longshore Drift

Sediment is transported along the coastline by waves that approach the shore at an angle.

Spit Formation

A long, narrow strip of land that extends out from the coast.
Formed by deposition of sand and shingle carried by longshore drift.

Coastal Deposition

Process of dropping sediments in new locations, building landforms such as:
- Bars: submerged ridges of sand extending across a bay or estuary.

Map Work and Six-Figure Grid References

Six-figure grid references are used for precise location on maps.
Each grid square is divided into 100 smaller squares.
A six-figure reference gives the horizontal and vertical coordinates within the smaller square.

Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to population density and distribution. It covers factors influencing population changes, methods for calculating population density, and the significance of population pyramids. Test your knowledge on the dynamics of human populations.