30 Questions
Which muscle is the most superficial of the gluteal muscles?
Gluteus maximus
What movements does the gluteus maximus perform?
Extension and lateral rotation of the hip joint
What is the main function of the iliotibial tract?
To help stabilize the knee when standing
Which muscle lies deep to the gluteus maximus?
Gluteus medius
What movements do the gluteus medius and minimus perform?
Abduction and medial rotation of the hip joint
What bony feature does the gluteus maximus insert into?
Greater trochanter
Which muscle prevents the patella from being pulled laterally during contraction of the quadriceps?
Vastus medialis
What is the action of the iliopsoas muscle?
To flex the hip joint and flex the trunk
Which nerve supplies the pectineus muscle?
Femoral nerve
What are the actions of the pectineus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis muscles?
Hip adduction and hip flexion
What is the origin of the adductor magnus muscle?
Ischial tuberosity
What are the actions of the adductor magnus muscle?
Hip adduction and hip extension
Which muscle is responsible for laterally rotating the thigh at the hip joint?
Piriformis
Which nerve can be seen passing below the piriformis muscle?
Sciatic nerve
Which muscles are affected in a posterior hip dislocation, resulting in weakness of dorsiflexion?
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus
What movements do the hamstrings perform?
Extend the thigh and flex the knee joint
Which nerve supplies the hamstrings?
Tibial component of the sciatic nerve
What are the superior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
Which nerve is adjacent to the popliteal aneurysm in the case described?
Tibial nerve
Where should you look for cutaneous sensory changes in the case described?
Plantar surface of the foot
Which ligament reinforces the hip joint capsule anteriorly?
Iliofemoral ligament
Which muscle tightens the iliotibial tract and helps stabilize the knee when standing?
Tensor fascia lata
Which muscle is the longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius
What is the function of the patella?
To prevent shearing of the quadriceps tendon against the underlying bone
Which vessels pass through the adductor hiatus to enter the popliteal fossa?
Femoral vessels
What are the actions of the gracilis muscle?
Adducts the hip joint and flexes the knee joint
What is the nerve supply to the hamstring portion of adductor magnus?
Sciatic nerve
What structures are contained within the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, artery, and vein
What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?
All of the above
What is the action of the sartorius muscle?
Flexes the hip joint and flexes the knee joint
Test your knowledge on popliteal aneurysms and their effects on adjacent nerves. Identify the name of the nerve affected and the location of cutaneous sensory changes.
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