26 Questions
What type of bonds do the substances described in the text form with water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
Why are the substances described as readily soluble in water?
They compete with hydrogen bonds
Which type of bonding is NOT mentioned in the text as contributing to the solubility of the substances in water?
Covalent bonds
What feature of substances contributes to their successful competition with hydrogen bonds in water?
Non-polar nature
How do substances' solubility relate to the strength of hydrogen bonds in water?
Strong hydrogen bonds lead to low solubility
Which process is required to combine monosaccharides into di- or poly-saccharides?
Dehydration reaction
Which of the following is a polymer of glucose among the listed polysaccharides?
Cellulose
What is the function of cellulose in plants?
Structural component of cell walls
Which polysaccharide is primarily found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and fungal cell walls?
Chitin
Amongst starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin, which one is NOT used for energy storage in organisms?
Cellulose
Which statement best describes the close packing of the blocks mentioned in the text?
The blocks are densely packed with minimal empty spaces between them.
How does the close packing of the blocks relate to the appearance of saturated fats?
It results in the blocks having a crystalline structure similar to saturated fats.
What effect does close packing of molecules have on the physical state of substances?
It can lead to a solid state due to reduced molecular motion.
How do tightly packed molecules affect the fluidity of substances?
They decrease fluidity by restricting movement between molecules.
What role does close packing play in the stability of substances like saturated fats?
It increases stability by reducing molecular mobility and providing structural support.
What characteristic of unsaturated fats allows them to be liquid at room temperature?
They contain bends or kinks in their structure
How do the bends or kinks in unsaturated fats affect their fluidity?
Decrease fluidity by preventing tight stacking
What is the primary reason why unsaturated fats are more fluid than saturated fats?
They contain double bonds that introduce kinks
How does the fluidity of unsaturated fats compare to saturated fats?
Unsaturated fats are more fluid due to kinks preventing tight packing
Which feature of unsaturated fats contributes most significantly to their fluid nature?
Multiple double bonds
Which of the following best describes a population?
A group of individuals of the same species living together in one area
What is the main difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Heterotrophs transform energy from their environment
What is an example of a trace element?
Iron
Why are compounds more common than pure elements?
Elements have outer electron orbits that allow them to combine
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
Number of protons in the nucleus
How many electrons can the outermost shell of an atom contain at most?
8 electrons
Learn about the dehydration reaction needed to combine monosaccharides into di- or poly-saccharides. Understand the key differences and characteristics of common polysaccharides like starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. Explore how cellulose and chitin are glucose polymers.
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