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Questions and Answers
Which property is characteristic of macromolecular substances?
Which property is characteristic of macromolecular substances?
- They do not have specific melting points but soften over a range of temperatures. (correct)
- They have sharp melting points.
- They dissolve readily in solvents.
- They are always solid at room temperature.
What defines a polymer?
What defines a polymer?
- A large molecule composed of repeating structural units known as monomers connected by covalent bonds. (correct)
- A small molecule that can dissolve easily in solvents.
- A large molecule made of repeating units connected by ionic bonds.
- A simple molecule with one structural unit.
What is a natural polymer?
What is a natural polymer?
- A biodegradable polymer derived from living organisms. (correct)
- A polymer made entirely from synthetic materials.
- A polymer that cannot be broken down or recycled.
- A polymer that requires complex chemical synthesis.
Which of the following is true about thermoplastics?
Which of the following is true about thermoplastics?
Which of the following is an example of a synthetic polymer?
Which of the following is an example of a synthetic polymer?
What distinguishes thermosetting polymers from thermoplastics?
What distinguishes thermosetting polymers from thermoplastics?
What is a primary characteristic of crosslinked or network polymers?
What is a primary characteristic of crosslinked or network polymers?
Which category does cellulose derivatives fall into?
Which category does cellulose derivatives fall into?
What happens to macromolecules when they absorb solvents?
What happens to macromolecules when they absorb solvents?
What is a common application of thermosetting polymers?
What is a common application of thermosetting polymers?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fibers in polymers?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fibers in polymers?
Which of the following is an example of a condensation polymer?
Which of the following is an example of a condensation polymer?
Which of the following statements about polymers is true?
Which of the following statements about polymers is true?
What distinguishes hetero-chain polymers from carbon-chain polymers?
What distinguishes hetero-chain polymers from carbon-chain polymers?
Which of the following correctly describes elastomers?
Which of the following correctly describes elastomers?
What is the main characteristic of synthetic polymers?
What is the main characteristic of synthetic polymers?
Which of the following represents a key characteristic of condensation polymerization?
Which of the following represents a key characteristic of condensation polymerization?
Which of the following polymers is classified as a thermosetting polymer?
Which of the following polymers is classified as a thermosetting polymer?
What property do plastomers have compared to elastomers and plastics?
What property do plastomers have compared to elastomers and plastics?
What is one of the key properties that make PVC suitable for plumbing and drainage systems?
What is one of the key properties that make PVC suitable for plumbing and drainage systems?
What is a common characteristic of branched polymers compared to linear polymers?
What is a common characteristic of branched polymers compared to linear polymers?
What type of polymer is formed through a chain-growth polymerization process without elimination of byproducts?
What type of polymer is formed through a chain-growth polymerization process without elimination of byproducts?
Which of the following is an example of an organo-metallic-chain polymer?
Which of the following is an example of an organo-metallic-chain polymer?
Which polymer is characterized by having both carbon and other types of atoms in its backbone?
Which polymer is characterized by having both carbon and other types of atoms in its backbone?
Which type of polymer structure is characterized by a straight chain structure with no significant cross-linking?
Which type of polymer structure is characterized by a straight chain structure with no significant cross-linking?
When does an intramolecular hydrogen bond occur?
When does an intramolecular hydrogen bond occur?
What characteristic of nylon makes it suitable for use in sports equipment?
What characteristic of nylon makes it suitable for use in sports equipment?
Which of the following represents a correct conjugate acid-base pair?
Which of the following represents a correct conjugate acid-base pair?
Which of the following products is NOT commonly derived from PVC?
Which of the following products is NOT commonly derived from PVC?
What pH value indicates a basic solution among the given options?
What pH value indicates a basic solution among the given options?
Which of the following representations is NOT consistent with sp2 hybridization?
Which of the following representations is NOT consistent with sp2 hybridization?
What is a distinguishing factor of macromolecules regarding their melting point?
What is a distinguishing factor of macromolecules regarding their melting point?
Flashcards
Polymer
Polymer
A large molecule made of repeating units called monomers, linked by covalent bonds.
Monomer
Monomer
A small molecule that is a repeating unit in a polymer.
High Molecular Weight
High Molecular Weight
Polymers have very large molecules.
Melting Point (Polymer)
Melting Point (Polymer)
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Natural Polymer
Natural Polymer
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Synthetic Polymer
Synthetic Polymer
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Semi-synthetic Polymer
Semi-synthetic Polymer
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Addition Polymer
Addition Polymer
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Condensation Polymer
Condensation Polymer
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Carbon-chain Polymer
Carbon-chain Polymer
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Hetero-chain Polymer
Hetero-chain Polymer
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Linear Polymer
Linear Polymer
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Branched Polymer
Branched Polymer
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Crosslinked Polymer
Crosslinked Polymer
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Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic
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Thermoset
Thermoset
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Elastomer
Elastomer
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Fiber
Fiber
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Nylon 66
Nylon 66
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Physico-Mechanical Properties
Physico-Mechanical Properties
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Dissolution
Dissolution
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Polymer Classification
Polymer Classification
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Study Notes
Polymer Definition
- A large molecule consisting of repeating structural units called monomers, connected by covalent bonds.
- The term "polymer" comes from the Greek words "poly" (many), "mono" (one), and "mer" (part).
General Properties of Polymers
- High Molecular Weight: Polymers have long chains of repeating units, leading to high molecular weights.
- Melting Point: Polymers don't have a sharp melting point. Instead, they soften over a range of temperatures. This is because polymers contain chains of varying lengths, each melting at its own point.
- Dissolution: Macromolecules don't dissolve readily, instead they swell by absorbing large amounts of solvent before dissolving completely.
Polymer Classification
- Origin: Natural polymers, Synthetic polymers, Semi-synthetic polymers
Natural Polymers
- Derived from living organisms, often biodegradable and renewable.
- Examples: Proteins, Polysaccharides, Nucleic Acids, Natural Rubber
Synthetic Polymers
- Human-made polymers created through chemical reactions.
- Examples: Synthetic Rubber, Polystyrene
Semi-synthetic Polymers
- Derived from natural polymers through chemical modifications.
- Examples: Cellulose Derivatives
Polymer Classification by Preparation Reaction
- Addition Polymers: Formed through an addition reaction where monomers with unsaturated double bonds add together to form a chain. No byproducts are produced. Examples: Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC).
- Condensation Polymers: Formed through a condensation reaction where two different monomers react, typically with the elimination of a small molecule (like water or alcohol). Examples: Nylon, Polyester, Polyurethane.
Polymer Classification by Chemical Constitution
- Carbon-chain Polymers: The backbone chain is composed only of carbon atoms. Examples: Polyethylene, Polystyrene.
- Hetero-chain polymers: The backbone chain contains carbon atoms and other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus. Examples: Polyamides, Polyesters.
- ** Organo-metallic-chain Polymers:** The backbone contains atoms of silicon (Si) or titanium (Ti). Examples: Glass, Hemoglobin.
Polymer Classification by Shape
- Linear Polymers: Have a straight chain structure with monomer units linked end-to-end. Examples: Polyethylene, polypropylene.
- Branched Polymers: Have a main chain with side branches or smaller chains branching off. Examples: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene with long-chain branching (LCB).
- Crosslinked or Network Polymers: Have a three-dimensional network structure due to covalent bonds between polymer chains. Examples: Vulcanized rubber, epoxy resins, crosslinked polyethylene (PEX).
Polymer Classification by Heat Effect
- Thermoplastics: Soften and become malleable when heated; can be melted and remolded multiple times. They solidify and retain their new shape when cooled. Examples: Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- Thermosetting Polymers (Thermosets): Undergo a chemical reaction when heated, forming a crosslinked network structure. They cannot be re-melted or remolded and retain their shape even at high temperatures. Examples: epoxy resins, phenolic resins, and polyurethane.
Polymer Classification by Physico-Mechanical Properties
- Elastomers: Exhibit high elasticity, returning to their original shape after being stretched. Examples: Rubber, Silicone.
- Plastomers: Have properties between elastomers and plastics. They are more flexible and less rigid than plastics.
- Fibers: Characterized by high elastic modulus and a small range of elastic deformation, limited effect of temperature on mechanical properties. Examples: Nylon, Polyester.
Example of Polymer: Nylon 66
- Synthesis: Involves a condensation reaction between hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.
- Applications: Textiles, Consumer Goods, Packaging.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of polymers with this quiz that covers their definitions, properties, and classification. Understand the distinction between natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic polymers and their characteristics. Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of polymer science!
