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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of liquid crystal polymers?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of liquid crystal polymers?
Liquid crystal polymers have very high water absorption rates.
Liquid crystal polymers have very high water absorption rates.
False
What application of liquid crystal polymers helps eliminate static build-ups in electrical signals?
What application of liquid crystal polymers helps eliminate static build-ups in electrical signals?
Electrical connectors
Liquid crystal polymers can withstand temperatures up to ________ °C.
Liquid crystal polymers can withstand temperatures up to ________ °C.
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Match the following applications of liquid crystal polymers with their descriptions:
Match the following applications of liquid crystal polymers with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is an example of a synthetic polymer?
Which of the following is an example of a synthetic polymer?
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Natural polymers are exclusively synthetic in nature.
Natural polymers are exclusively synthetic in nature.
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What is the process of converting monomers into polymers called?
What is the process of converting monomers into polymers called?
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A ____ is a repeating unit that composes a polymer.
A ____ is a repeating unit that composes a polymer.
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Match the following types of polymers with their characteristics:
Match the following types of polymers with their characteristics:
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Which of the following is a characteristic of branched-chain polymers?
Which of the following is a characteristic of branched-chain polymers?
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Co-polymers consist of more than one type of monomer.
Co-polymers consist of more than one type of monomer.
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Give an example of a cross-linked polymer.
Give an example of a cross-linked polymer.
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Which of the following types of polyethene has a lower density?
Which of the following types of polyethene has a lower density?
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Addition polymers are formed by a condensation reaction.
Addition polymers are formed by a condensation reaction.
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What is the monomer unit of Polyethene?
What is the monomer unit of Polyethene?
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HDPE is prepared at a low temperature of __________°C.
HDPE is prepared at a low temperature of __________°C.
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Which property is true for Low Density Polyethene (LDPE)?
Which property is true for Low Density Polyethene (LDPE)?
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What initiator is used in the preparation of LDPE?
What initiator is used in the preparation of LDPE?
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HDPE exhibits extensive branch formation.
HDPE exhibits extensive branch formation.
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What is the primary reason for the conductivity in inherently conducting polymers?
What is the primary reason for the conductivity in inherently conducting polymers?
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The conductivity of polymer composites is due to the matrix polymer.
The conductivity of polymer composites is due to the matrix polymer.
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Name one application of conducting polymers.
Name one application of conducting polymers.
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Liquid crystal polymer is often formed by linking various __________ molecules.
Liquid crystal polymer is often formed by linking various __________ molecules.
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Match the following types of polymers with their applications:
Match the following types of polymers with their applications:
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Which of the following is considered an intrinsically conducting polymer?
Which of the following is considered an intrinsically conducting polymer?
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Doping with oxidizing or reducing agents increases the conductivity of inherently conducting polymers.
Doping with oxidizing or reducing agents increases the conductivity of inherently conducting polymers.
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Which monomer is commonly used in the synthesis of liquid crystal polymers?
Which monomer is commonly used in the synthesis of liquid crystal polymers?
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Which type of co-polymer consists of alternating A and B units throughout the chain?
Which type of co-polymer consists of alternating A and B units throughout the chain?
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Elastomers are characterized by strong intermolecular forces.
Elastomers are characterized by strong intermolecular forces.
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What type of co-polymer includes a main chain of one type of monomer with branches of another type?
What type of co-polymer includes a main chain of one type of monomer with branches of another type?
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Thermo-plastics are known for being __________, allowing them to be reshaped multiple times.
Thermo-plastics are known for being __________, allowing them to be reshaped multiple times.
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What happens to thermo-sets when exposed to heat?
What happens to thermo-sets when exposed to heat?
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Match the following polymer classifications to their definitions:
Match the following polymer classifications to their definitions:
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Random co-polymers have a regular order of arrangement of their monomer units.
Random co-polymers have a regular order of arrangement of their monomer units.
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Name one example of a thermo-set polymer.
Name one example of a thermo-set polymer.
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What is the primary chemical bond characteristic of polyamides?
What is the primary chemical bond characteristic of polyamides?
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Bakelite is classified as a thermoplastic polymer.
Bakelite is classified as a thermoplastic polymer.
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What is the melting temperature range of the polymer discussed?
What is the melting temperature range of the polymer discussed?
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Polyesters are formed by the condensation of a bifunctional acid and a bifunctional _____ where the linkage is ester.
Polyesters are formed by the condensation of a bifunctional acid and a bifunctional _____ where the linkage is ester.
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Match the following polymers with their respective types:
Match the following polymers with their respective types:
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Which of the following is an application of the opaque polymer mentioned?
Which of the following is an application of the opaque polymer mentioned?
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Condensation polymerization involves the elimination of small molecules, such as water.
Condensation polymerization involves the elimination of small molecules, such as water.
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What is the glass transition temperature (Tg) value of the polymer?
What is the glass transition temperature (Tg) value of the polymer?
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Study Notes
Polymers
- Polymers are macromolecules composed of many repeating units.
- The repeating unit is a monomer.
- Polymerization is the process of converting monomers into polymers.
Classification of Polymers
-
Based on Origin/Source:
- Natural Polymers: Found in plants and animals (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, starch, cellulose, natural rubber).
- Synthetic Polymers: Man-made polymers (e.g., nylons, polyethylene, PVC, synthetic rubbers).
-
Based on Structure:
- Linear Polymers: Long, straight chains (e.g., high-density polyethylene (HDPE)).
- Branched-Chain Polymers: Linear chains with branches (e.g., low-density polyethylene (LDPE)).
- Cross-Linked Polymers: Chains connected by covalent bonds (cross-links) (e.g., bakelite, melamine).
-
Based on Monomer Type:
- Homo-polymers: Composed of only one type of monomer (e.g., polyethylene).
-
Co-polymers: Composed of more than one type of monomer.
- Alternate Co-polymers: Alternating A and B units.
- Block Co-polymers: Regular alternating blocks of A and B units.
- Graft Co-polymers: Main chain of one type of monomer with branches of another type of monomer.
- Random Co-polymers: No regular order of monomer units.
-
Based on Inter-molecular Forces (Ultimate Form):
- Elastomers: Very weak intermolecular forces (e.g., rubber).
- Fibers: Strong intermolecular forces (e.g., nylons, terylene).
-
Based on Temperature:
- Thermoplastics: Soften on heating, harden on cooling, and can be recycled (e.g., polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene).
- Thermosets: Harden on heating and cannot be softened or recycled (e.g., bakelite, epoxy resins).
Polymer Synthesis
- Addition Polymerization: Monomer units add to each other without losing any atoms.
- Condensation Polymerization: Monomer units join together with the elimination of small molecules (e.g., water).
Commercially Available Fibers
- Polyamides (amide linkages)
- Polyesters (ester linkages)
Elastomers
- Can stretch and recover their shape.
- Examples: Natural rubber, synthetic rubber.
- Vulcanization improves natural rubber properties by adding sulfur.
Conducting Polymers
- Organic polymers capable of conducting electricity.
- Two types: Extrinsically conductive and Intrinsically conductive.
Biodegradable Polymers
- Polymers that degrade naturally by microorganisms.
- Key factors for biodegradability: presence of microorganisms, suitable environment, and proper substrate with suitable functional groups.
Specialty Polymers
- PEEK (Polyether ether ketone): High-performance polymer with excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and high-temperature stability, useful in medical implants, and other high-performance applications.
Polyethyleneimine (PEI)
- A semi-crystalline polymer used in various applications, including papermaking, flocculation, and cell culture.
- PEI has different forms in different molecular weights, some linear and other branched.
Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCPs)
- Have liquid crystal properties.
- Useful in electrical components, surgical instruments, and other applications requiring high heat resistance and chemical resistance.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of polymers, including their composition and classification. It explores both natural and synthetic polymers, different structural forms, and the types of monomers involved in polymer formation. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in chemistry!
