Chemistry in Context Chapter 9 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which would be classified as a natural polymer?

Polyester

Nylon

Cellulose (correct)

Polystyrene

A polymer is a large molecule:

Made up of long chains of atoms covalently bonded together. (correct)

Always made up of identical monomer units.

Made up of long chains of atoms held together by hydrogen bonds.

Made up of a large lattice structure held together by ionic bonds.

A monomer is a:

Polymer made from only one component.

Polymer molecule that only contains a single element.

Small molecule used to make a polymer chain. (correct)

Single polymer chain.

Which would be classified as a synthetic polymer?

Nylon Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements are correct for addition polymerization only? (Select all that apply)

Monomer units chemically bond together. Signup and view all the answers

How are HDPE and LDPE different?

One has branched chains while one is linear. Signup and view all the answers

Nathaniel Wyeth developed plastic soft drink bottles. They are made from which polymer?

PET Signup and view all the answers

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used in:

Plumbing pipes. Signup and view all the answers

The Big Six polymers are all classified as thermoplastics because they:

Can be melted and shaped. Signup and view all the answers

Which polymer is incorrectly matched with its use?

PS—Contact lenses Signup and view all the answers

The molecules that are added to polymers to make them softer and more pliable are known as:

Plasticizers. Signup and view all the answers

What do the letters HDPE represent?

High density polyethylene Signup and view all the answers

Why is crude oil currently the only raw material from which synthetic polymers can be made?

It is the most convenient and economical raw material. Signup and view all the answers

Will synthetic polymers always have to be made from crude oil?

No, new technologies are being developed to use bio-based raw materials. Signup and view all the answers

This represents a step in the addition polymerization of ethylene. What do chemists call the species 'R'?

A radical Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false?

Condensation polymerization is a process the monomers join by adding a small molecule such as water. Signup and view all the answers

Which one is not a polymer?

Polytech Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Natural and Synthetic Polymers

Natural polymer example: cellulose
Synthetic polymer example: nylon

Definition of Polymers

A polymer consists of long chains of atoms covalently bonded.

Definition of Monomers

A monomer is a small molecule that forms polymer chains.

Addition Polymerization

Monomer units bond together without losing any atoms, generating a product that retains all the original atoms.
Incorrect statement: Condensation polymerization involves the loss of small molecules like water.

Polymer Classifications

HDPE and LDPE differ structurally; HDPE has linear chains, whereas LDPE has branched chains.
The Big Six polymers are classified as thermoplastics due to their ability to be melted and reshaped.

Specific Polymers and Their Uses

PET is used for soft drink bottles.
PVC is commonly used in plumbing pipes.
Incorrect use association: PS (polystyrene) is not used for contact lenses.

Enhancements for Polymers

Plasticizers are additives used to make polymers softer and more pliable.

High-Density Polyethylene

HDPE stands for high density polyethylene, significant in plastic manufacturing.

Raw Materials for Synthetic Polymers

Crude oil is the primary raw material due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness.
New technologies aim to use bio-based raw materials, reducing reliance on crude oil.

Free Radicals in Polymerization

In the addition polymerization process, species denoted as "R" are referred to as radicals.

Identifying Polymers

Polytech is not a polymer compared to polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride.

Polymer Structure

Polymers exhibit regions where molecules are neatly and tightly arranged in a regular pattern.

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Description

Test your knowledge of polymers with these flashcards from Chapter 9 of Chemistry in Context. Identify natural polymers and understand the structure of large molecules. Perfect for reviewing key concepts in materials chemistry.