18 Questions
The x-ray diffraction pattern of a semicrystalline polymer is comprised of two main features: a distinct diffraction peaks corresponding to the ______ phase and a broad 'halo', corresponding to the ______ phase.
crystalline, amorphous
If any ______ material crystallized, there would be a resulting exothermic peak as heat is given off during crystallization.
amorphous
Most Polymers have ______ and Crystalline Regions.
Amorphous
Polymers are rarely 100% ______.
crystalline
For crystalline polymers, the overall ______ may range from as low as 30% to as high as 90%; and the remaining fraction of the polymer chain are ______.
crystallinity, amorphous
The area under the crystallization peak is ______ and the crystalline fraction can be determined by measuring the net heat flow associated with the crystalline melting event.
enthalpy
Most individual polymer chains will traverse both the ______ and amorphous regions.
crystalline
All semicrystalline polymers can be viewed as two-phase materials, with inter-connected ______ and amorphous phases.
crystalline
Note that all semicrystalline polymers can be viewed as two-phase materials, with inter-connected crystalline and ______ phases.
amorphous
The crystal forms at a nucleus, and grows outward as a ______ as new chain segments add to the crystal.
spherulite
Dislocations involve a mismatch or distortion in the arrangement of polymer chains, leading to localized ______ fields.
strain
Dislocations that occur along the edge of a polymer crystal or grain boundary are known as ______ dislocations.
edge
Polymers can have both ______ (disordered) and crystalline (ordered) regions within their structure.
amorphous
[Blank] regions lack long-range order.
amorphous
The ratio of crystalline to ______ regions affects the polymer's mechanical properties, such as stiffness and strength.
amorphous
Polyethylene is a thermoplastic polymer consisting primarily of long chains of ______ monomer units.
ethylene
Low-Density Polyethylene has a more ______ structure, which gives it lower density and flexibility.
branched
High-Density Polyethylene has a more ______ structure, leading to higher density and greater strength and stiffness.
linear
Study Notes
Crystalline Regions in Polymers
- Polymers can have both amorphous (disordered) and crystalline (ordered) regions within their structure
- Crystalline regions occur when polymer chains arrange in an ordered manner, while amorphous regions lack long-range order
- The ratio of crystalline to amorphous regions affects the polymer's mechanical properties, such as stiffness and strength
Hydrocarbons in Polymers
- Hydrocarbons serve as the building blocks or monomers for synthesizing various types of polymers
- Examples of polymers include:
- Polyethylene (PE)
- Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE): more branched structure, lower density, and flexibility
- High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): more linear structure, higher density, and greater strength and stiffness
- Polypropylene (PP)
- Known for its strength, resistance to fatigue, and versatility
- Polyethylene (PE)
Crystalline Morphology
- Polymers crystallize by nucleation and growth, forming spherulites as new chain segments add to the crystal
- Crystallization rate is a strong function of temperature, reflecting a trade-off between two factors
- Spherulites eventually impinge, and crystallization stops
Line Defects in Polymers
- Line defects, or dislocations, are one-dimensional defects that occur along specific lines or planes within the polymer structure
- Dislocations involve a mismatch or distortion in the arrangement of polymer chains, leading to localized strain fields
- Types of line defects include:
- Edge Dislocations: occur along the edge of a polymer crystal or grain boundary
Thermal Transitions in Polymers
- Thermal transitions can be observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
- Exothermic peak occurs during crystallization, releasing heat
- The area under the crystallization peak is enthalpy
- Crystalline fraction can be determined by measuring the net heat flow associated with the crystalline melting event
Properties of Crystalline Polymers
- General properties include:
- Great amount of shrinkage during cooling of the molded part
- More strength and stiffness
- Increased brittleness
Crystalline Regions in Semicrystalline Polymers
- Crystalline regions are created when the chain folds onto itself, forming thin platelets with chain folds at faces
- Most polymers have crystalline and amorphous regions
- Polymers are rarely 100% crystalline
- Heat treating causes crystalline regions to grow and %crystallinity to increase
This quiz covers the characteristics of semicrystalline polymers, including their x-ray diffraction patterns and thermal transitions observed through DSC. Test your knowledge of crystalline and amorphous phases in polymers.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free