Polygraph & Deception Detection

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Questions and Answers

A polygraph measures several physiological responses to detect deception. Which of the following is LEAST directly measured by a standard polygraph?

  • Respiration rate
  • Skin resistance
  • Facial micro-expressions (correct)
  • Pulse rate

The term 'polygraphy' refers to:

  • The study of political graphs and charts.
  • The scientific method of detecting deception using a polygraph machine. (correct)
  • The measurement of a single physiological response.
  • The art of handwriting analysis.

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between a stimulus and a reaction in the context of polygraph examination?

  • A loud noise (stimulus) causing a startle response (reaction).
  • A deceptive answer (stimulus) causing an increased heart rate (reaction).
  • A comfortable chair (stimulus) causing relaxation (reaction).
  • All of the above. (correct)

In polygraph testing, what is the primary goal of asking irrelevant questions?

<p>To establish a normal tracing as a baseline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an admission versus a confession?

<p>An admission is a partial acknowledgement of guilt and justification, while a confession is a direct acknowledgement of guilt. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological event does the dicrotic notch represent in a cardio tracing?

<p>The short horizontal point when the heart relaxes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electrodermal response (EDR) relies on changes in which physiological property?

<p>Skin resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of 'environment' in the context of factors influencing a person's behavior and responses?

<p>The sum total of the dissimulations a person acquired from conception and exposure to surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does heredity influence an individual's responses in a polygraph examination?

<p>Heredity influences baseline physiological traits and predispositions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between an interview and an interrogation?

<p>An interview is cooperative, while an interrogation is forceful. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of polygraphy, a 'specific response' refers to:

<p>Any deviation from the normal tracing of the subject. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a control question in a polygraph examination?

<p>To compare responses to relevant questions with responses to questions designed to evoke emotional response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'normal tracing' in polygraph examination?

<p>It represents the subject's physiological responses to irrelevant questions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a polygraph examiner?

<p>To interpret the polygraph charts and render an opinion on the subject's truthfulness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What comprises a chart or polygram in polygraph examination?

<p>Composite records of pneumograph, galvanograph, and cardiosphygmograph tracings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate definition of 'lying'?

<p>The uttering or conveying of falsehood or creating a false or misleading information with the intention of affecting wrongfully the acts and opinion of others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best definition of 'response' in the context of polygraph testing?

<p>Any activity or inhibition of previous activity of an organism resulting from stimulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'detection' mean in the context of polygraphy?

<p>The act of discovering the existence, presence of fact or something hidden or obscure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological representation of diastolic blood pressure?

<p>Downward blood pressure representing the low pressure to the closing of the valves and heart relaxed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'fear' relate to the effectiveness of polygraph examinations?

<p>Fear, as an emotional response to a perceived threat, can trigger physiological reactions that the polygraph measures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Polygraph

Instrument recording blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin resistance to detect emotional disturbances, especially lying.

Polygraphy

Scientific method of detecting deception using a polygraph machine.

Fear

Emotional response to a specific danger that seems beyond one's control.

Stimulus

A force or motion that reaches an organism and excites its receptors.

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Reaction

An action or mental attitude evoked by an external influence.

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Deception

The act of deceiving or misleading, often involving lying.

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Detection

The act of discovering something hidden, obscure, or the existence of a fact.

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Lying

Uttering falsehoods or creating misleading information to wrongfully affect others' opinions or actions.

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Response

Any activity or inhibition of activity resulting from stimulation.

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Specific Response

Deviation from the normal tracing of a subject during a polygraph examination.

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Normal Tracing

Tracing on a polygraph chart when the subject answers irrelevant questions.

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Polygraph Examiner

Person who conducts and administers polygraph tests.

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Chart or Polygrams

Composite records of pneumograph, galvanograph, and cardiosphygmograph tracings during questioning.

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Subject

The person being examined using a polygraph.

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Admission

Statement of facts, partial acknowledgement of guilt, usually with justification.

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Confession

Direct acknowledgement of guilt or a statement of guilt.

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Diastolic Blood Pressure

The downward blood pressure representing low pressure when the heart relaxes.

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Dicrotic Notch

Short horizontal notch in a cardio-tracing at the middle of the diastolic stem.

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Electrodermal Response

Human body phenomenon where skin changes electrical resistance upon external stimuli.

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Environment

The total of a person's acquired dissimilarities from conception and exposure to surroundings.

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Study Notes

  • A polygraph is an instrument that records changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, and skin resistance to detect emotional disturbances, especially lying during questioning.
  • The word "polygraph" combines "poly" (many) and "graphs" (writing chart).
  • Polygraphy is the scientific method of detecting deception using a polygraph machine.
  • Fear is an emotional response to a perceived danger that exceeds a person's defensive capabilities.
  • A stimulus is a force or motion that reaches an organism and excites its receptors.
  • Reaction is a mental attitude or action evoked by an external influence.
  • Deception is the act of deceiving or misleading, often through lying.
  • Detection is the act of discovering the existence, presence, or fact of something hidden or obscure.
  • Lying involves uttering falsehoods or creating misleading information to wrongfully influence the actions and opinions of others.
  • Response is any activity or inhibition of activity resulting from stimulation.
  • A specific response is any deviation from the normal tracing of a subject on a polygraph chart.
  • Normal tracing refers to the chart recording when the subject answers irrelevant questions.
  • A polygraph examiner conducts and administers the test.
  • Charts or polygrams are composite records of pneumograph, galvanograph, and cardiosphygmograph tracings from a series of questions.
  • The subject is the person being examined.
  • Admission is a statement of facts, a partial acknowledgement of guilt, often with justification.
  • Confession is a direct acknowledgement of guilt.
  • Diastolic blood pressure is the downward blood pressure representing the low pressure during heart relaxation.
  • Dicrotic notch is a short horizontal notch in a cardio-tracing located at the middle of the diastolic stem.
  • Electrodermal response refers to the change in skin's electrical resistance upon external stimuli, also known as psychogalvanic skin reflex or galvanic skin response.
  • Environment encompasses the cumulative experiences and surroundings a person is exposed to from conception.
  • Heredity is the transmission of physical and mental traits from parents to offspring through genes.
  • Interview is simple questioning of a willing and cooperative individual.
  • Interrogation is forceful questioning of a reluctant person to divulge information.

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