60 Questions
Which of the following best defines a diagnostic?
A measurement that detects the disease state of an organism
What can diagnostics be used to determine?
The cause of symptoms like tremors or weight gain/loss
What are some examples of diagnostic tests mentioned in the text?
Biopsy and EKG
What do diagnostic tests primarily involve?
Examining tissues
Which type of genetic disease is caused by a mutation in a single gene?
Monogenic disease
What is the genetic basis of monogenic diseases?
A change in the DNA sequence in one particular gene
Which genetic disease is caused by a substitution in one particular gene?
Sickle cell anemia
In a polygenic disease, how many genes contribute to the disease?
Many genes
Which type of diagnostic test uses antibodies to detect specific proteins?
Immunohistochemistry
What is the marker for cardiac diseases that can be detected using an antibody?
Troponin
What types of cells are counted in a complete blood count test?
All of the above
What type of diagnostic test is used to detect strep throat?
Streptococcal testing
Which of the following is a disadvantage of bacterial culture as a diagnostic test?
It may take several days to get a result.
Which of the following imaging techniques is primarily used to image blood flow in the brain?
MRI
Which of the following is a molecular diagnostic test?
BRCA test for breast cancer
What is the concept called for the differences in DNA sequence between individuals?
Genetic variation
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative measurement?
Measuring the color of cells
What is the purpose of algorithms in the context of measurements?
To handle large datasets and perform repeated calculations
Which of the following is NOT a biomarker?
T3/TSH
What type of diagnostic test is an HbA1c test?
General analytical chemistry test
Which of the following is NOT a cause of cancer?
Normal cell growth
What happens when a cell acquires a second mutation in the DNA sequence?
The tumor cells grow even faster
Why is cancer difficult to treat?
Different populations of tumor cells have unique mutations
What is the purpose of a companion diagnostic in cancer treatment?
To determine the best course of therapeutic intervention
Which of the following statements is true about the role of growth factor receptors in cell division?
Too many growth factor receptors can cause continuous cell division.
What is the function of Herceptin?
To recognize and bind to the growth factor receptor.
Which analogy best describes the interaction between growth factor and growth factor receptor?
A key being inserted into a lock.
What happens when the growth factor interacts with the growth factor receptor?
The cell divides.
What is the consequence of having too many growth factor receptors on the cell surface?
The cell receives a continuous signal to divide.
What is the role of the growth factor receptor in cell division?
To regulate cell division.
Which type of genetic disease is caused by a change in the DNA sequence in one particular gene?
Monogenic disease
Which of the following diseases is an example of a monogenic disease?
Sickle cell anemia
What is the genetic basis of polygenic diseases?
A combination of genes that contribute to the disease
What is the consequence of having too many growth factor receptors on the cell surface?
Increased cell division
Which type of diagnostic test is used to detect strep throat?
Immunochemistry diagnostic
What is the advantage of using an antibody as a diagnostic?
It is highly accurate
What is the marker for cardiac diseases that can be detected using an antibody?
Troponin
What is the function of Herceptin?
Treating certain types of cancer
Which of the following best describes a diagnostic test?
A measurement that gives us information about a patient's health
What is the purpose of a diagnostic test?
To identify the nature or cause of a particular health state
What are some examples of diagnostic tests mentioned in the text?
Biopsy and EKG
What do diagnostic tests primarily involve?
Measurements
Which of the following is an example of a quantitative measurement mentioned in the text?
The viscosity of urine
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of diagnostic test in the text?
Neurological imaging tests
What is the purpose of a biomarker?
To infer something about the health status of an organism
Which of the following is an example of a genetic marker mentioned in the text?
T3/TSH
Which of the following is an example of a physiologic diagnostic test?
Blood glucose test
What is the purpose of genetic variation in developing targeted therapeutics and diagnostics?
To predict the risk of developing certain diseases
What is the difference between an SNP and a single nucleotide polymorphism?
SNP is a synonymous term for single nucleotide polymorphism
Which of the following is an example of an anatomic diagnostic test?
X-ray
Which of the following is the correct definition of a polygenic disease?
A disease that starts with normal cells and acquires multiple mutations over time
What is the role of an initiating event in the development of cancer?
To cause one cell to divide faster than surrounding normal cells
Why is it difficult to treat cancer with multiple mutations?
Because different mutations can result in different populations of tumor cells
What is the purpose of a companion diagnostic in cancer treatment?
To determine if a treatment will be successful
Which of the following statements best describes the consequence of having too many growth factor receptors on the cell surface?
The cell will receive a continuous signal to divide and keep dividing
What is the role of Herceptin in customizing therapy?
It recognizes the growth factor receptor HER2 and binds to it
Which analogy best describes the interaction between growth factor and growth factor receptor?
A key interacting with a lock
What is the primary role of diagnostic tests?
To detect and diagnose diseases
What is the genetic basis of monogenic diseases?
They are caused by a mutation in a single gene
What is the function of algorithms in the context of measurements?
To analyze and interpret measurement data
Test your knowledge on polygenic diseases and their connection to cancer. Explore the causes, progression, and impact of cancer on normal cells in this informative quiz.
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