Polygenic Diseases and Cancer
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Polygenic Diseases and Cancer

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines a diagnostic?

  • A measurement that determines the cause of a particular health state
  • A measurement that identifies the nature or cause of a particular health state
  • A measurement that gives us information about your health
  • A measurement that detects the disease state of an organism (correct)

    • What can diagnostics be used to determine?

  • The height and weight of a patient
  • Whether or not a patient has a particular disease
  • The cause of symptoms like tremors or weight gain/loss (correct)
  • All of the above

    • What are some examples of diagnostic tests mentioned in the text?

  • Biopsy and EKG (correct)
  • Height and weight measurements
  • Blood alcohol level test
  • All of the above

    • What do diagnostic tests primarily involve?

    <p>Examining tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic disease is caused by a mutation in a single gene?

    <p>Monogenic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic basis of monogenic diseases?

    <p>A change in the DNA sequence in one particular gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic disease is caused by a substitution in one particular gene?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a polygenic disease, how many genes contribute to the disease?

    <p>Many genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diagnostic test uses antibodies to detect specific proteins?

    <p>Immunohistochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the marker for cardiac diseases that can be detected using an antibody?

    <p>Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells are counted in a complete blood count test?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diagnostic test is used to detect strep throat?

    <p>Streptococcal testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of bacterial culture as a diagnostic test?

    <p>It may take several days to get a result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following imaging techniques is primarily used to image blood flow in the brain?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a molecular diagnostic test?

    <p>BRCA test for breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept called for the differences in DNA sequence between individuals?

    <p>Genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a qualitative measurement?

    <p>Measuring the color of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of algorithms in the context of measurements?

    <p>To handle large datasets and perform repeated calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biomarker?

    <p>T3/TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diagnostic test is an HbA1c test?

    <p>General analytical chemistry test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cancer?

    <p>Normal cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a cell acquires a second mutation in the DNA sequence?

    <p>The tumor cells grow even faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cancer difficult to treat?

    <p>Different populations of tumor cells have unique mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a companion diagnostic in cancer treatment?

    <p>To determine the best course of therapeutic intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the role of growth factor receptors in cell division?

    <p>Too many growth factor receptors can cause continuous cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Herceptin?

    <p>To recognize and bind to the growth factor receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analogy best describes the interaction between growth factor and growth factor receptor?

    <p>A key being inserted into a lock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the growth factor interacts with the growth factor receptor?

    <p>The cell divides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of having too many growth factor receptors on the cell surface?

    <p>The cell receives a continuous signal to divide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the growth factor receptor in cell division?

    <p>To regulate cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic disease is caused by a change in the DNA sequence in one particular gene?

    <p>Monogenic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is an example of a monogenic disease?

    <p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic basis of polygenic diseases?

    <p>A combination of genes that contribute to the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of having too many growth factor receptors on the cell surface?

    <p>Increased cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diagnostic test is used to detect strep throat?

    <p>Immunochemistry diagnostic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using an antibody as a diagnostic?

    <p>It is highly accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the marker for cardiac diseases that can be detected using an antibody?

    <p>Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Herceptin?

    <p>Treating certain types of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a diagnostic test?

    <p>A measurement that gives us information about a patient's health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a diagnostic test?

    <p>To identify the nature or cause of a particular health state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of diagnostic tests mentioned in the text?

    <p>Biopsy and EKG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do diagnostic tests primarily involve?

    <p>Measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a quantitative measurement mentioned in the text?

    <p>The viscosity of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of diagnostic test in the text?

    <p>Neurological imaging tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a biomarker?

    <p>To infer something about the health status of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a genetic marker mentioned in the text?

    <p>T3/TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a physiologic diagnostic test?

    <p>Blood glucose test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic variation in developing targeted therapeutics and diagnostics?

    <p>To predict the risk of developing certain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an SNP and a single nucleotide polymorphism?

    <p>SNP is a synonymous term for single nucleotide polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an anatomic diagnostic test?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of a polygenic disease?

    <p>A disease that starts with normal cells and acquires multiple mutations over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an initiating event in the development of cancer?

    <p>To cause one cell to divide faster than surrounding normal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to treat cancer with multiple mutations?

    <p>Because different mutations can result in different populations of tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a companion diagnostic in cancer treatment?

    <p>To determine if a treatment will be successful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the consequence of having too many growth factor receptors on the cell surface?

    <p>The cell will receive a continuous signal to divide and keep dividing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Herceptin in customizing therapy?

    <p>It recognizes the growth factor receptor HER2 and binds to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analogy best describes the interaction between growth factor and growth factor receptor?

    <p>A key interacting with a lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of diagnostic tests?

    <p>To detect and diagnose diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic basis of monogenic diseases?

    <p>They are caused by a mutation in a single gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of algorithms in the context of measurements?

    <p>To analyze and interpret measurement data</p> Signup and view all the answers

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