Polity and Governance Study Material 2024
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023?

  • Telecommunications regulation
  • Criminal law reform (correct)
  • Personal data protection
  • Consumer rights

What does the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 primarily address?

  • Telecommunication standards
  • Rights to privacy and data protection (correct)
  • Surveillance regulations
  • Anti-defection measures

Which law is associated with the concept of proportional representation?

  • Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023
  • Anti-Defection Law
  • Parliamentary Committees Act
  • Proportional Representation Law (correct)

Which body is responsible for the enforcement of the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act?

<p>Ministry of Home Affairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law addresses the issue of unfair means during public examinations?

<p>Public Examination (Prevention of Unfair Means) Rules, 2024 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reform is associated with the Cabinet Secretary?

<p>Internal Emergency provisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What topic is covered under 'Reservation and Affirmative Actions'?

<p>Sub-classification of Scheduled Castes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act is concerned with the regulations regarding telecommunications?

<p>Telecommunications Act, 2023 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What power does Section 36 of RPA 1951 grant to the returning officer?

<p>To reject nominations on grounds of defects of substantial character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance is re-polling mandated according to RPA 1951?

<p>On account of damage or destruction of voting machines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the silence period before voting day as per the regulations?

<p>48 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is prohibited during the silence period as per RPA 1951?

<p>Displaying results of opinion polls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sub-section 33 (7) of RPA 1951 allow regarding candidates contesting elections?

<p>Contest from two seats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stipulated by Section 70 of RPA 1951 concerning elected candidates?

<p>A candidate must vacate all but one seat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for re-polling according to RPA 1951?

<p>Inclement weather affecting voter turnout (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of election-related activities are banned during the silence period?

<p>Displaying election campaign materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the home voting facility introduced in the 2024 election?

<p>To ensure no voter is left behind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT explicitly mentioned as a beneficiary of the home voting facility?

<p>Students studying abroad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component does Form 17C NOT provide information about?

<p>Voting methods used by different demographics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the proposed Multi-Constituency Remote Electronic Voting Machine (RVM) aim to facilitate?

<p>Voting for migrant voters from their current residence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following voters is allowed to vote by post?

<p>Service voters and electors subjected to preventive detention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of signage will be provided in Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in Puducherry?

<p>Braille signage in English and Tamil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Form 17C data not shared with any entity apart from polling officials?

<p>To maintain the integrity of the election (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative is aimed at engaging Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in the electoral process?

<p>SVEEP (Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral Participation) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary recommendation of the Dhar Commission in 1948 regarding state reorganization?

<p>Administrative convenience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which committee rejected language as a basis for the reorganization of states in 1948?

<p>JVP Committee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Fazl Ali Commission identify four factors for state reorganization?

<p>1953 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following was NOT among the factors identified by the Fazl Ali Commission for state reorganization?

<p>Geographical boundaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant legal change occurred due to the Constitution (7th Amendment) Act in 1956?

<p>Formation of 14 states and 6 Union Territories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Online Mediation Training Web-Portal launched by the Supreme Court?

<p>To provide training in mediation for legal professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Act governs domestic arbitration in India, according to the content provided?

<p>Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2021, allow regarding arbitral awards?

<p>Unconditional stay of enforcement of awards obtained through fraud (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Proportional Representation system compared to First-Past-The-Post?

<p>Each constituency elects multiple representatives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which voting system do voters primarily vote for a party rather than an individual candidate?

<p>Proportional Representation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of the First-Past-The-Post system?

<p>It may lead to wasted votes due to its winner-takes-all nature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries uses a Proportional Representation system?

<p>Israel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does Proportional Representation offer concerning minority parties?

<p>It ensures fairer treatment and representation based on vote share. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the seat distribution differ between First-Past-The-Post and Proportional Representation?

<p>PR ensures each party receives seats similar to their percentage of votes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which voting system is described as simple for common voters to understand?

<p>First-Past-The-Post (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where a candidate receives 40% of the vote and wins, which voting system is likely being used?

<p>First-Past-The-Post (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 329(b) of the Constitution stipulate regarding election disputes?

<p>Election disputes must be settled through an election petition as prescribed by law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can file an election petition according to the Article 329(b) provisions?

<p>Any candidate or elector who was entitled to vote. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Election Commission of India concerning judicial intervention as stated in the information provided?

<p>Once it notifies the election process, courts cannot intervene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Section 33 of the RPA, 1951, which statement is true about nomination requirements?

<p>Candidates from recognized political parties need one proposer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Section 80 of the RPA, 1951 state regarding the validity of elections?

<p>It cannot be challenged except through filing an election petition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of candidate nominations, what does the Supreme Court recognize about candidates' privacy?

<p>Privacy concerns are irrelevant to voters and candidacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a candidate of an independent or unrecognized party to file a nomination?

<p>Ten proposers from the respective constituency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which court handles appeals related to election petitions based on the election laws outlined?

<p>Supreme Court of India. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Article 329(b)?

Article 329(b) of the Indian Constitution prevents courts from interfering with the election process except through election petitions.

What is an election petition?

An election petition is a legal document filed in a High Court challenging the validity of an election.

What did the N.P. Ponnuswami case decide?

The Supreme Court case, N.P. Ponnuswami vs Returning Officer, established that once the Election Commission notifies the election process, courts cannot intervene.

What does the RPA 1951 say about election validity?

The Representation of the People Act (RPA) of 1951 also prohibits questioning the validity of an election except through an election petition.

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Where are election petitions filed?

Election petitions are filed in the High Court of the state where the election occurred.

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Where are appeals from election petitions heard?

Appeals from the High Court's decision on election petitions can be made to the Supreme Court.

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What section of the RPA covers nominations?

Section 33 of the RPA 1951 outlines the requirements for valid nominations in elections.

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What did the Supreme Court say about candidate privacy?

Supreme Court has ruled that election candidates have a right to privacy on matters not directly related to their candidature or voter concerns.

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What does RPA 1951 Section 36 allow the Returning Officer to do?

The Returning Officer (RO) can reject a nomination if there are major errors or omissions in the nomination papers.

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What is Re-polling?

Re-polling is conducted in specific polling stations when there are serious issues disrupting the original election, like natural disasters, violence, or malfunctioning voting machines.

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What is a Silence Period in an election?

A period of silence before an election, where political campaigning is banned. It starts 48 hours before voting and ends after the polls close.

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What is a key restriction under RPA 1951 during the Silence Period?

During the Silence Period, Section 126(1) prohibits using TV, radio, or entertainment events for promoting candidates or political parties.

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How many seats can a candidate contest in India under RPA 1951?

A candidate can contest from two seats under the RPA 1951, as per sub-section 33(7).

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What happens if a candidate wins from more than one seat?

A candidate can only hold one seat, even if elected from multiple constituencies, according to Section 70 of RPA 1951.

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How does the Constitution impact the rules about contesting from multiple constituencies?

The Constitution gives Parliament the power to make laws about the election process, including rules about multiple constituencies.

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What was the rule regarding contesting from multiple constituencies before 1996?

Before 1996, there was no limit on the number of constituencies a candidate could contest. The 1996 amendment introduced a limit of two seats.

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Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, replacing the Indian Penal Code, introduces changes to the Indian legal system, aiming to modernize and simplify criminal laws.

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Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 is a new law proposed to replace the existing Code of Criminal Procedure, aiming for a more efficient and citizen-friendly criminal procedure.

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Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, a replacement for the Indian Evidence Act, introduces changes to the rules of evidence, affecting how evidence is collected and presented in courts.

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Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 focuses on protecting the personal information of individuals in the digital world, aiming to safeguard the privacy of data collected online.

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Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 2019

This Act intends to replace the existing Consumer Protection Act (CPA) of 1986, aiming to enhance consumer rights and strengthen consumer protection laws.

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By-election

A by-election is held when a candidate wins from multiple constituencies. The candidate must vacate one seat, and a by-election is held to fill the vacant seat.

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Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act

The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act regulates the acceptance of foreign donations by NGOs and other entities, aiming to prevent foreign interference in domestic affairs.

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National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an independent body that investigates human rights violations and makes recommendations for addressing them.

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Home Voting Facility

It allows eligible voters to cast their vote from their homes using a postal ballot. It is available for senior citizens above 85 years and PwDs with 40% disability.

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Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is a premier investigative agency responsible for investigating serious and complex crimes across India.

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Form 17C

A form used in India's elections to document voting data. It has two parts: the first records voter information and the second records candidate information.

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Multi-Constituency Remote Electronic Voting Machine (RVM)

A system that uses electronic voting machines (EVMs) to allow voters to cast their votes from their current location, even if they are not in their registered constituency. It is intended to benefit migrant voters.

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Braille Signage

Braille signage is used in voting booths to help visually impaired voters identify the machines and buttons.

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SVEEP (Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral Participation)

Election Commission's initiative to promote voter education and participation, especially among PwDs. It involves educating PwDs, families, and election officials about inclusivity in elections.

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Postal Ballot

A system that facilitates voting for individuals who are unable to vote in person on election day. This includes service voters, voters on election duty, and those subjected to preventive detention.

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Proxy Voting

Allows registered electors to nominate a representative to vote on their behalf. This is mostly available for service voters.

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First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)

A system where the candidate with the most votes in a district wins the election, regardless of overall vote share. It's used in India for Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.

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Proportional Representation (PR)

A system where the number of seats a party wins in the legislature is proportional to the percentage of votes they received. For example, if a party wins 30% of the votes, they get 30% of the seats.

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Constituency

The geographical area in which a single representative is elected. For example, a state or a district may be divided into many constituencies.

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Single Representative

In FPTP, each constituency elects one representative. Whoever wins the most votes wins the seat.

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Multiple Representatives

In PR, multiple representatives can be elected from a single constituency depending on their party's vote share.

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Majority Seats without Majority Votes

In FPTP, a party might win more seats than votes they actually got. They can secure a majority even if most people didn't vote for them.

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Representation based on Vote Share

PR aims to ensure that all parties get representation in the legislature based on their vote share. Even if they don't win a majority, they still get some seats.

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Less Wasted Votes

PR systems are less prone to wasted votes because even if your preferred candidate doesn't win, the party they belong to still benefits from your vote.

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Dhar Commission

This commission recommended the reorganization of Indian states based on administrative convenience, NOT linguistic factors, in 1948.

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JVP Committee (Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Pattabhi Sitaramayya)

This committee, named after its members, also rejected language as the basis for state reorganization in 1948.

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Fazl Ali Commission

This commission, established in 1953, identified four key factors for state reorganization: unity, linguistic & cultural homogeneity, financial/economic/administrative considerations, and welfare promotion.

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Fazl Ali Commission Recommendations

The Fazl Ali Commission recommended the creation of 14 states and 6 Union Territories.

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Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956

This amendment, enacted in 1956, implemented the Fazl Ali Commission's recommendations for state reorganization.

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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

An alternative to traditional courtroom dispute resolution, ADR offers a neutral third-party mediated process for resolving various conflicts, including civil, commercial, and industrial matters.

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Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

This Act, aligned with the UNCITRAL Model Law, governs domestic arbitration in India, covering commercial disputes and other matters.

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Mediation and Conciliation Project Committee (MCPC)

Established by the Supreme Court of India in 2005 to oversee the effective implementation of mediation and conciliation in the country.

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Study Notes

Visionias Classroom Study Material

  • Classroom study material for Polity (April 2024 to October 2024) is available.
  • Contact information for Visionias branches is provided.
  • Website address for Visionias is given.

Table of Contents

  • The document has a table of contents outlining the topics covered in the Polity and Governance syllabus.
  • Chapter 1 covers Elections; simultaneous elections, SEC, delimitation commision, EVM-VVPAT, MCC, Lok Sabha Elections etc.
  • Chapter 5 covers Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), Lok Adalat, and other legal aspects.
  • Chapter 6 covers important legislations/bills, including the Criminal Law Reform Acts.
  • Chapter 7 covers important constitutional and statutory/executive bodies.
  • Chapter 8 covers important aspects of governance.

Note to Students

  • The PT 365 document covers the last 1 year's current affairs consolidated for Prelims preparation .
  • Additions include:
    • Focused on Key Areas: Elections, Supreme Court judgements, Acts, Governance.
    • News in short: Relevant updates in concise summaries.
    • Simplified Language: Clear and easy to understand text.
    • Infographics: Visual representations of constitutional/legal aspects.
    • Quiz: QR-based smart quiz.

Foundation Course

  • This course is designed for both prelims and mains 2026, 2027 and 2028.
  • Covers pre-foundation, CSAT, PT 365, & Mains 365 classes.
  • Course includes test series for GS, Prelims, CSAT, and Essay.

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VisionIAS PT 365 January 2025 Polity and Governance PDF

Description

This study material covers essential topics in Polity and Governance for the period of April to October 2024. Key areas include Elections, Alternative Dispute Resolution, important legislations, and governance aspects. It is designed to aid students in their Prelims preparation with a focus on recent current affairs.

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