Politics and Governance Quiz

Quiz #1: Politics and Governance

• Quiz covers the process of a proposed measure becoming a law, the judicial branch's decision on the constitutionality of the RH Law, and Health in All Policies (HAP).
• Quiz has 10 points for the process measure becomes a law & a flow chart explanation.
• Quiz has 5 points for discussion how judicial branch decided on the RH law constitutionality.
• HAP is an approach to public policies.

Health in All Policies (HAP)

• HAP is an approach to policies across sectors that accounts for health.
• It seeks synergies and avoids harmful health impacts, improving population health and addressing health inequities.
• HAP impacts include household energy (clean fuels), transport (transit, walking, cycling), and low emission fuels.
• Urban planning (compact, energy-efficient cities), waste management (SRR, biological waste processing), health sector connection, air pollution data tracking, and clean technology introduction.

Why governments need HAP?

• Governments need HAP due to health challenges like respiratory diseases, health inequities, climate change, and spiraling health costs.
• Promoting healthy communities across different populations requires addressing social determinants of health.
• Addressing social determinates of health involves public transportation, education, access to healthy food, and economic opportunities.

Health Equity

• Health equity is achieved when every person has the opportunity to attain his/her full health potential without any social obstacles.
• The principle of health equity considers no one is disadvantaged from reaching their full health potential due to their social circumstances or social position. Avoiding disadvantages is a crucial ethical principle in health and social policies.

All for Health, Health for All Investment Case 2025-2028

• This is the World Health Organization's (WHO) third investment case produced alongside the 14th General Programme of Work (GPW 14).
• The investment case aims to capture the impact of a fully funded WHO over the period 2025-2028.
• By 2028, WHO is projected to achieve further major health gains.
• The total budget needed over the four-year period of GPW14 is $11.1 billion USD.
• Member states have raised $4 billion USD with charity and other voluntary contributions completing the funding gap.

Social Determinants of Health (SDoH)

• Non-medical factors affecting individual health, including circumstances surrounding birth, growth, work, life, and aging.

• SDoH is a broader set of systems shaping daily life conditions, encompassing policies, norms, and social and political systems.

• SDoH account for 30-55% of health outcomes.

• Differences in life expectancy are stark between high and low-income countries.

• In 2016, 15 million premature deaths due to NCDs occurred in low-income countries.

• Under-5 mortality rate is considerably higher in African countries compared to European countries.

• Aspects of SDoH include income and social protection; education and employment; working life conditions; food insecurity; housing and environment; early childhood development; social inclusion and non-discrimination; structural conflict; access to affordable quality healthcare.

• Unfair and avoidable health differences exist within countries, linked to decision-making processes, unfair policies, and norms.

• Achieving health equity involves striving for the highest possible standard of health for all people, prioritizing vulnerable populations at greater risk.

• Addressing SDoH requires working outside the healthcare system to promote broader social well-being and development.

Assignment

• The assignment involves defining social determinants of health, describing health inequity, and identifying the most relevant SDoH for personal health.