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Questions and Answers
India is the most populous democracy in the world.
India is the most populous democracy in the world.
True
The capital of India is Mumbai.
The capital of India is Mumbai.
False
The President of India is a member of either house of parliament.
The President of India is a member of either house of parliament.
False
India consists of 29 states and 7 Union territories.
India consists of 29 states and 7 Union territories.
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Lok Sabha is referred to as the upper house of parliament.
Lok Sabha is referred to as the upper house of parliament.
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The real political power in India resides with the President.
The real political power in India resides with the President.
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The Democratic Party of Korea is the main conservative party in South Korea.
The Democratic Party of Korea is the main conservative party in South Korea.
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Mahatma Gandhi led India’s struggle for independence through violent means.
Mahatma Gandhi led India’s struggle for independence through violent means.
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Rajya Sabha members are elected directly by the people.
Rajya Sabha members are elected directly by the people.
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The President of South Korea acts solely as the Head of State and has no role in national defense.
The President of South Korea acts solely as the Head of State and has no role in national defense.
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Elections in South Korea are held every four years and promote a multi-party system.
Elections in South Korea are held every four years and promote a multi-party system.
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In South Korea, only members of the National Assembly can draft legislative proposals.
In South Korea, only members of the National Assembly can draft legislative proposals.
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Efforts to enhance gender equality in South Korea's political system have been abandoned.
Efforts to enhance gender equality in South Korea's political system have been abandoned.
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Rajya Sabha has a maximum of 250 members.
Rajya Sabha has a maximum of 250 members.
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The judiciary in India consists solely of the Supreme Court.
The judiciary in India consists solely of the Supreme Court.
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The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President alone.
The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President alone.
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One third of the Rajya Sabha members retire every two years.
One third of the Rajya Sabha members retire every two years.
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In South Korea, the National Assembly is responsible for enacting laws.
In South Korea, the National Assembly is responsible for enacting laws.
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High Court judges in India retire at the age of 65.
High Court judges in India retire at the age of 65.
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The President of India has sole authority in the executive branch.
The President of India has sole authority in the executive branch.
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The judiciary is considered an essential institution for democracies.
The judiciary is considered an essential institution for democracies.
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The President of the Republic of Korea can serve more than one five-year term.
The President of the Republic of Korea can serve more than one five-year term.
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The National Assembly in South Korea is a bicameral legislature consisting of 300 members.
The National Assembly in South Korea is a bicameral legislature consisting of 300 members.
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The President of South Korea has the authority to declare war.
The President of South Korea has the authority to declare war.
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The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in South Korea is appointed by the President without requiring National Assembly approval.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in South Korea is appointed by the President without requiring National Assembly approval.
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The South Korean Constitution has been revised six times since its establishment.
The South Korean Constitution has been revised six times since its establishment.
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The National Assembly can impeach the President in South Korea.
The National Assembly can impeach the President in South Korea.
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The President of South Korea appoints the Prime Minister without any approval process.
The President of South Korea appoints the Prime Minister without any approval process.
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The Prime Minister in South Korea automatically becomes acting president if the President is impeached.
The Prime Minister in South Korea automatically becomes acting president if the President is impeached.
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ASEAN's foreign policy promotes regional stability through engagement in military alliances.
ASEAN's foreign policy promotes regional stability through engagement in military alliances.
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The ASEAN Economic Community was established in 2015 to enhance economic integration among member states.
The ASEAN Economic Community was established in 2015 to enhance economic integration among member states.
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ASEAN has a unified stance on economic relations, aligning closely with only one major global power.
ASEAN has a unified stance on economic relations, aligning closely with only one major global power.
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The South China Sea is a significant regional challenge for ASEAN due to territorial disputes.
The South China Sea is a significant regional challenge for ASEAN due to territorial disputes.
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ASEAN promotes trade agreements exclusively with its member countries.
ASEAN promotes trade agreements exclusively with its member countries.
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The National Assembly of South Korea consists of 300 members who serve a term of six years.
The National Assembly of South Korea consists of 300 members who serve a term of six years.
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The Supreme Court of South Korea is the most supreme judiciary body and its justices are nominated by the President.
The Supreme Court of South Korea is the most supreme judiciary body and its justices are nominated by the President.
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ASEAN was founded on August 8, 1977, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration in Bangkok, Thailand.
ASEAN was founded on August 8, 1977, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration in Bangkok, Thailand.
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ASEAN originally had five founding member countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia.
ASEAN originally had five founding member countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia.
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The ASEAN Summit is composed of ministers from various portfolios who meet to make policy decisions.
The ASEAN Summit is composed of ministers from various portfolios who meet to make policy decisions.
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Brunei became a member of ASEAN in 1984.
Brunei became a member of ASEAN in 1984.
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South Korea has agreed to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
South Korea has agreed to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
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ASEAN operates on the principle of strict non-interference among its member states.
ASEAN operates on the principle of strict non-interference among its member states.
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Study Notes
India
- India is officially called Republic of India
- New Delhi is the capital
- 17th largest country by area
- 1.2 billion people, most populous democracy in the world
- Bounded by the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal
- Shares land borders with Pakistan, China, and Nepal
- Home to Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, and Sikhism
- Became independent in 1947 after a non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi
India's Political System
- A federal system, governed by the constitution
- Referred to as Sovereign, Secular, and Democratic
- Parliamentary form of government
- Union of 29 states and 7 union territories
- President is the head of the Executive union
- Prime Minister is the head of the council of ministers.
- Real political and social power rests with the Prime Minister
Indian Parliament
- The assembly of elected representatives, holding supreme political authority
- Parliament is a national assembly.
- The body of elected representatives at the state level is called Legislature, or Legislative assembly.
- India's Parliament consists of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and Lok Sabha (House of the People).
- The president of India is part of Parliament, however, not a member of either house.
Lok Sabha
- The lower house of parliament directly elected by the people.
- Holds the real power.
- Maximum strength of 552 members - 530 from states and 20 from Union Territories
- Two members nominated by the President of India from the Anglo-Indian community.
Rajya Sabha
- The upper house of parliament
- Elected indirectly, has special functions.
- Looks after interests of the various states, regions, and federal units.
- Has no more than 250 members
- Twelve members nominated by the President for distinction in literature, art, science, or service.
Executive Branch
- Sole responsibility for daily administration of the bureaucracy
- The executive power rests mainly with the President of India
- The President acts in accordance with advice tendered by the Prime Minister and his council of ministers
- Council of ministers remain in office as long as they are approved.
Indian Judiciary
- Collectively called the Judiciary
- The independent and powerful institution essential for democracies.
- Consists of Supreme Court (entire nation), High Courts (states), and District Courts (local level).
- One of the most powerful judiciaries worldwide.
- Supreme Court of India consists of the Chief Justice and a maximum of 25 other judges appointed by the President.
- High Court judges retire at 62.
South Korea
- A vibrant democracy with a rich cultural heritage and a rapidly growing economy
- Situates in East Asia
- Presidential representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system
South Korea's Branches
- Executive: The President is the head of state and oversees the government's executive functions.
- Legislative: The National Assembly is responsible for enacting laws and representing the interests of the people.
- Judicial: The judiciary ensures fair interpretation and enforcement of laws.
South Korea Political Parties
- Democratic Party of Korea: The ruling party, advocating for progressive policies and social welfare
- United Future Party: Main conservative party promoting free market principles and strong national defense.
Role of the President
- Head of State: Represents South Korea domestically and internationally.
- Commander-in-Chief: Responsible for the country's military forces.
- Policy Making: Shapes the political agenda & leads the government's decision-making processes.
National Assembly Legislative Process
- Law Proposal (drafting by members)
- Committee Review (thorough examination and debate)
- Voting and Approval (by the whole assembly)
Elections and Electoral System
- Multi-party system where elections are held every four years.
- Candidates compete for seats in the National Assembly and presidency.
- Electoral system ensures proportional representation and fair allocation of seats.
Political System Challenges
- Cronyism: Political elites having too much influence.
- Regionalism: Regional differences hindering national cooperation.
- Gender Inequality: Efforts ongoing to enhance women's representation.
- Youth Engagement: Encouraging participation among the youth.
Republic of Korea (ROK)
- Directly elected by all voters
- 5-year term (no second term)
- Head of state
- Chief executive & commander
- Power to declare war
- Cannot dissolve the National Assembly
Presidential Power
- Appoint Prime Minister (subject to assembly approval)
- Propose legislation, appointing Chief Justice (subject to assembly approval).
National Assembly
- Unicameral legislature with 300 members serving 4-year terms.
- 253 members directly elected from districts.
- 47 members appointed by political parties.
- Law-making, national budget approval, and impeachment procedures.
Overview of South Korea
- Presidential representative democracy
- Multi-party system
- Executive power is exercised by the President
- Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly
- Judiciary independent of both executive and legislature (Supreme Court, Appellate Courts, & Constitutional court)
- Constitution revised five times since 1948
ASEAN
- ASEAN was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand.
- Founded by five original countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
- Primary goal of regional peace, stability, and cooperation amidst Cold War tensions.
- Aims to reduce external power influence, and foster economic, political, and cultural development.
- Grew to include all Southeast Asian nations, with Brunei (1984), Vietnam (1995), Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999)
- Operates on principle of non-interference, consensus-building
ASEAN Structure
- Summit Level: Heads of state or government, highest decision-making body (twice a year for policy discussions)
- Ministerial Level: Foreign affairs, economy, and other portfolios convene (ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM), ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting (ADMM)
- Secretariat: Based in Jakarta, Indonesia, and supports implementation, monitoring, and coordination of ASEAN programs.
- Committees and Working Groups: Specialized bodies work on specific areas (e.g., trade, environment, security).
- Dialogue Partners: ASEAN has partnerships with countries outside the region (e.g., US, EU, China, Japan) through various mechanisms (e.g., ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit)
ASEAN's Foreign Policy
- Focuses on regional stability, economic integration, and neutrality in global politics.
- Regional Stability: Promotes peaceful dispute resolution, non-interference in member states' affairs, security cooperation (ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF))
- Economic Integration: Establishment of ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015. Encouragement of trade agreements with external partners.
- Balancing External Powers: Maintains balanced relations with global powers, avoids alignment with any one bloc. Engages with China, US, Japan, India, etc.
ASEAN Challenges
- Addressing disputes in the South China Sea
- Maintaining unity amidst diverse political systems and economic levels
- Balancing relations between the US and China in the Indo-Pacific region
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Description
This quiz explores the political structures and democratic processes of India and South Korea. It covers aspects such as the roles of the President, the composition of legislative bodies, and significant historical figures. Test your knowledge about the functioning of democracy in these two nations.
