Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes a government ruled by a king or royal family?
What term describes a government ruled by a king or royal family?
Which of the following correctly defines a mercenary?
Which of the following correctly defines a mercenary?
Which individual is considered the greatest emperor of the Byzantine Empire?
Which individual is considered the greatest emperor of the Byzantine Empire?
What is the Hajj in Islam?
What is the Hajj in Islam?
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What does the term 'veto' mean in the context of government?
What does the term 'veto' mean in the context of government?
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Which of the following best describes feudalism?
Which of the following best describes feudalism?
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Who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church?
Who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church?
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What role do the plebeians hold in Roman society?
What role do the plebeians hold in Roman society?
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What was the primary belief system of monotheism?
What was the primary belief system of monotheism?
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Who was the first Roman Emperor?
Who was the first Roman Emperor?
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Which explorer is credited with conquering the Aztecs?
Which explorer is credited with conquering the Aztecs?
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What role did Charles Martel play in the Battle of Tours?
What role did Charles Martel play in the Battle of Tours?
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What innovative ship design was created by the Portuguese?
What innovative ship design was created by the Portuguese?
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Who was responsible for uniting Japan for the first time?
Who was responsible for uniting Japan for the first time?
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What was the purpose of the Crusades?
What was the purpose of the Crusades?
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Which term refers to the code of behavior followed by Samurai in Japan?
Which term refers to the code of behavior followed by Samurai in Japan?
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Monarchy: rule by a king or family
- Democracy: rule by the people
- Aristocracy: rule by landowning elites
- Oligarchy: rule by the few
- Plutocracy: rule by the wealthy
Important Figures and Concepts
- Justinian I: Greatest emperor of the Byzantine empire
- Theodora: Byzantine empress who played a significant role in the empire
- Mohammad: Key prophet of Islam and founder of the faith
- Allah: Islamic term for God
- Upper class: controls most important parts of society
- Middle class: people paid for skills
- Lower class: people with no valuable skills, often with worst jobs
- Bishop: church official in charge of a diocese or area
- Tribune: Roman official elected by plebeians to represent them in the Senate
- Aqueduct: bridge-like structure carrying water to Roman cities
- Mercenary: someone from a foreign country fighting for pay
- Veto: to declare a law void (power held by some officials)
- Dictator: ruler with complete control over a government
- Tribute: payment of money or goods from conquered people to conquerors
- Chivalry: code of conduct for European knights during the Crusades
- Troubadour: wandering poet who earned a living by entertaining others
- Qur'an: the Muslim holy book
- Jihad: Arabic term for "holy war"
- Hajj: Pilgrimage made by Muslims each year to Mecca
- Mecca: one of Islam's most sacred cities
- Mythology: collection of myths belonging to a religion or culture
- Atheism: lack of belief in a divine being
- Feudalism: system of government where land is exchanged for loyalty, taxes, and soldiers
- Fief: land owned under feudalism
- The Pope: head of the Roman Catholic Church and bishop of Rome
- Patriarch of Istanbul: spiritual head of the Greek Orthodox Church
- Patricians: Roman elite families
- Plebeians: Roman commoners
- Legion: key unit of the Roman army (around 5,000 men)
- Anti-Semitism: prejudice or dislike toward Jewish people
- Serfs: peasants who worked on a manor
- Usury: making money by charging very high interest rates on loans
- Monotheism: belief in one god
- Polytheism: belief in more than one god
- Rome: Capital of the Roman Empire and modern capital of Italy
- Caesar Augustus: first Roman Emperor and nephew of Julius Caesar
- Constantinople: Capital of the Byzantine Empire (now Istanbul)
- Hagia Sophia: Great Byzantine Church converted into a mosque
- Hernan Cortes: Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztecs
- Francisco Pizarro: Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas
- Christopher Columbus: Explorer who discovered the New World for Spain
- Ponce De Leon: Spaniard who explored Florida
- Ferdinand Magellan: First man to circumnavigate the world
- Jamestown: first successful English colony in the New World
- Genghis Khan: Creator of the Mongol Empire
- Silk Road: trade route connecting Europe to China
- Zhang He: Chinese admiral who explored the coast of Africa
- Charles Martel: Frankish leader who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours
- Battle of Tours: battle in which the Christian army stopped the Muslim invasion of Europe
- Charlemagne: great Frankish leader who helped create France
- William the Conqueror: Norman leader who invaded and united England
- Henry II: English king who established English Common Law
- Caravel: Ship design created by the Portuguese that allowed them to sail the Atlantic
- Clovis: Leader who united the Franks and became their first Christian leader
- Astrolabe: tool used by sailors to locate their position using stars
- Compass: tool used by sailors to navigate by consistently pointing north
- Crusades: Christian counter-attack against the Muslims in the Holy Land
- Shogun: Japanese military dictator second only to the emperor
- Japanese Emperor: divine ruler of Japan
- Oda Nobunaga: Japanese warlord who introduced the use of rifles in battle
- Tokugawa Ieyasu: Japanese warlord who united Japan
- Samurai: Japanese warriors similar to European knights
- Bushido: Code of behavior followed by Samurai
- Martin Luther: German monk whose objections to indulgences led to the Protestant Reformation
- 95 Theses: pamphlet written by Martin Luther explaining why indulgences were wrong
- John Calvin: Religious leader who created Calvinism
- Printing press: device that allowed for the mass production of written material
- St. Thomas Aquinas: Catholic leader who was able to bring together science and faith
- Humanism: the idea that humans have individual value separate from God; more to life than religion
- William Shakespeare: Famous English author of over 30 plays
- Michelangelo: sculptor and painter of the Sistine Chapel
- Donatello: famous sculptor
- Raphael: famous painter and sculptor
- Leonardo da Vinci: inventor and painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
- Miguel de Cervantes: author of Don Quixote
- Francis Bacon: creator of the scientific method
- Galileo Galilei: discovered the law of falling bodies
- Johan Copernicus: creator of the heliocentric view of the universe
- Isaac Newton: discovered the laws of motion and gravity
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Japanese warlord who murdered Christians and began the Great Sword Hunt
- Atman: Hindu term for soul
- Reincarnation: In Hinduism, the movement of a soul to another body
- Karma: good luck or bad luck affecting reincarnation
- Dharma: Hindu code of ethics
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Description
Explore the various political systems such as monarchy, democracy, and oligarchy, along with notable historical figures including Justinian I and Mohammad. This quiz will test your understanding of governance structures and influential leaders that shaped civilizations. Dive into essential concepts and terms that help define political landscapes.
