Political Systems and Cultures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key feature of a presidential system of governance?

Executive authority comes solely from local governments.

There is a clear separation of powers. (correct)

The head of government is part of the legislature.

Legislative bodies completely control executive actions.

How does a democracy differ from authoritarianism?

Democracy allows unlimited dissent. (correct)

Authoritarianism supports accountability.

Authoritarianism promotes citizen participation.

Democracy emphasizes centralized control.

What characterizes a parochial political culture?

Significant participation in political processes.

Engagement with various political ideologies.

High awareness of political activities.

Limited awareness of political activities. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the role of education in political socialization?

It instills civic knowledge and values. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between theocracy and secular states?

Secular states separate religion from governance. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about monarchies and totalitarian regimes is accurate?

Monarchies provide stability through tradition. Signup and view all the answers

What type of political culture is characterized by high levels of political participation?

Participant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary agent of political socialization that affects individual beliefs the most?

Family Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of fascism?

Engages in aggressive expansionist policies Signup and view all the answers

Which policy is most directly associated with environmentalism?

Reducing pollution through renewable energy initiatives Signup and view all the answers

How has feminism influenced policy in Nordic countries?

By promoting gender-equal policies like equal pay Signup and view all the answers

What economic principle is a hallmark of neoliberalism?

Promotion of free markets and deregulation Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct result of the ideological clash between capitalism and communism?

A period of political instability known as the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes political clientelism?

A practice where political support is given in exchange for specific goods Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural fatalism primarily concerned with?

Believing that social and economic outcomes are preordained Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of party-switching phenomena in politics?

Political instability and shifting voter allegiances Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of labeling individuals as 'traitors' in political contexts?

Fostering mistrust and leading to conflicts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of bandwagoning during elections?

Individuals shifting allegiance to popular candidates as public support grows Signup and view all the answers

What role did accusations of treachery play during the Marcos regime in the Philippines?

Served as a tool for silencing dissent and violating human rights Signup and view all the answers

Which political figure was accused of being a traitor by rival factions within the Katipunan?

Andres Bonifacio Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is often seen during the election season in the Philippines, involving shifts in political allegiance?

Party-switching Signup and view all the answers

How does cultural fatalism manifest in political behaviors?

By accepting the political landscape as unchangeable and avoiding action Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the political relationship during the Aquino Administration after the People Power Revolution?

Former opponents rallied to support Aquino despite past allegiance to Marcos Signup and view all the answers

What is a common critique regarding political patronage in the Philippines?

It often results in unequal distribution of resources and opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Government Models

Presidential systems have a clear separation of powers between the Executive and Legislative branches. The United States is an example of a presidential system.
Parliamentary systems have a Prime Minister, who is usually a member of the legislative branch. The United Kingdom is an example of a parliamentary system.

Democracy vs. Authoritarianism

Democracy fosters citizen participation and governmental accountability.
Authoritarianism focuses on centralized control and limits dissent.

Monarchy vs. Totalitarianism

Monarchies can provide stability through tradition.
Totalitarian regimes seek total control of society.

Theocracy vs. Secular States

Theocracies prioritize religious laws.
Secular states separate religion from governance.

Political Culture

It's comprised of shared values, beliefs, norms, and practices that shape political behavior.
Political culture components are cognitive (knowledge and beliefs), affective (emotions and attitudes), and evaluative (opinions on processes and outcomes).

Types of Political Culture

Parochial culture has limited awareness of political activities, often seen in traditional societies.
Subject culture is aware of politics but has limited participation like subjects of a monarchy.
Participant culture involves high awareness and active participation, often associated with democratic societies.

Political Socialization

It's the process of acquiring political beliefs and values.

Agents of Political Socialization

Family is the primary source of political beliefs.
Education instills civic knowledge and values.
Media shapes perceptions and knowledge of politics.
Peers influence political opinions.

The Label of "Traitor"

It's used to delegitimize political opponents and foster mistrust.
This can lead to conflict within political factions.

Philippines: Political Instability and Treachery

Political instability in the Philippines has fueled accusations of treachery, used to silence dissent.
Notable figures labeled as traitors: Andres Bonifacio, critics of Ferdinand Marcos, politicians who opposed current administrations.
Contemporary issues: accusations of treason continue to be a tool for political maneuvering.

Political Bandwagon

It describes the tendency to support popular or successful candidates and movements.
It often lacks critical assessment, highlighting the impact of public opinion and social dynamics on political allegiances.
Examples: Noynoy Aquino Administration (1986-1992), Duterte's 2016 campaign, Senatorial Elections (2019).

Fascism

Leads to highly centralized governments that suppress dissent.
Prioritizes the state above the individual and often engages in expansionist policies.

Environmentalism

Focuses on protecting the environment, promoting sustainability, and addressing industrialization's consequences.
Supports policies reducing pollution, preserving natural resources, and mitigating climate change.
Examples: Green parties in Europe like Germany's Green Party.

Feminism

Advocates for gender equality, women's rights, and dismantling patriarchal systems.
Seeks equal representation in all aspects of society.
Examples: Nordic countries like Iceland have implemented gender-equal policies like equal pay and parental leave.

Neoliberalism

Emphasizes free markets, privatization, deregulation, and minimal government intervention in the economy.
It believes in reducing public spending on welfare programs.
Examples: The economic policies of Ronald Reagan in the US and Margaret Thatcher in the UK.
Can result in economic growth but also leads to greater economic inequality and reduced social services.

Ideological Conflicts

The clash between capitalism and communism led to the Cold War, a time of geopolitical tension between the US and the Soviet Union.
Ideological conflicts can cause political instability, wars, and the rise or fall of regimes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on different political systems including presidential, parliamentary, monarchy, and theocracy. Explore the distinctions between democracy and authoritarianism, as well as totalitarianism and secular states. Examine the foundations of political culture and its components in shaping behavior.