Political Structures and Organizations
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Questions and Answers

Which mode of transportation is considered least expensive for transporting bulky goods?

  • Water (correct)
  • Trucking
  • Rail
  • Air

    • What is the primary characteristic of subsistence farming?

  • Focused on large-scale farming operations
  • Farming for profit and trade
  • Farming primarily for daily sustenance (correct)
  • Using advanced technology for production

    • In which regions is shifting cultivation predominantly practiced?

  • Deserts and arid areas
  • Urban areas
  • Tropical wet regions (correct)
  • Temperate zones

    • Which of the following is a tool commonly used in shifting cultivation?

    <p>Machete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pastoral nomadism mainly involves what type of agricultural activity?

    <p>Following herds of domesticated animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops is typically associated with shifting cultivation?

    <p>Cassava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is pastoral nomadism commonly practiced in?

    <p>Savannah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors limit the population that can be supported by shifting cultivation?

    <p>Poor tropical soils and heavy rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a multinational state?

    <p>A society with diverse nationalities forming a collective identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a multinational state?

    <p>China</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen in a multinational state lacking central organization?

    <p>Civil war or ethnic conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nation without a state typically engaged in?

    <p>Violent measures for political power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most nations without states primarily located?

    <p>In peripheral and semiperipheral regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are conflicts regarding nations without states resolved in core regions?

    <p>Through democratic processes or public debate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are centripetal forces in the context of multinational states?

    <p>Elements that promote unity among various ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ethnic separatist movement?

    <p>Catalonia's push for independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of a federal state?

    <p>Authority is shared across multiple levels of government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a government to achieve political legitimacy?

    <p>A unifying ideology for diverse groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the US-Mexico border suggest about the relationship between the two countries?

    <p>It indicates a brutal relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes jobs in the quaternary sector?

    <p>Processing and dissemination of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the quinary sector?

    <p>Management and decision making in organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a plantation?

    <p>It is a large-scale farm growing only one crop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a national state?

    <p>It comprises people unified by shared language and culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the concept of national states first emerge in Europe?

    <p>After the Industrial Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is primarily concerned with costs that vary due to the location of an enterprise?

    <p>Geographically variable costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically owns and manages plantations?

    <p>Large multinational corporations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does capitalist ideology influence industrial location?

    <p>By minimizing production costs to maximize profits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are there very few examples of true national states today?

    <p>Globalization and large-scale migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which historical period did plantation agriculture gain popularity?

    <p>The Colonial era.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions are most plantations currently located?

    <p>Former colonial areas in the periphery and semi-periphery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the complexity of the manufacturing process have on industrial location?

    <p>It affects the cost of production based on interdependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Dutch-Belgian border indicate about the relationship between the two nations?

    <p>It indicates a peaceful coexistence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic role do semi-periphery states play today?

    <p>They combine subsistence and commercial agriculture alongside manufacturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of raw material is most likely to influence the siting of an industry?

    <p>Perishable materials and those that experience weight changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the need for cohesive national identity in a state?

    <p>Ideology that aligns diverse groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important factor regarding the source of power in industrial location?

    <p>Some power sources are immovable or costly to relocate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which industries were most significantly impacted by the relocation of manufacturing?

    <p>Textiles, electronics, and inexpensive retail goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of export processing zones?

    <p>They offer incentives for industries to locate there.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the top factors influencing industrial location?

    <p>Corporate social responsibility initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following crops is primarily associated with Caribbean plantations?

    <p>Sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of commercial dairying?

    <p>Production of milk and milk products for large urban markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is market gardening predominantly found?

    <p>In urban areas along the Atlantic coast and parts of coastal Australia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of livestock and grain farming?

    <p>Raising cattle alongside corn production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following locations is known for livestock ranging?

    <p>Great Plains region of the USA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment does livestock ranging primarily occur?

    <p>Semiarid midlatitude grassland environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the economies of the core during the 19th and early 20th centuries?

    <p>Highly productive agriculture and heavy manufacturing activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of manufacturing outsourcing in the core economy?

    <p>Rise of low-wage jobs in the semi-periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of livestock is primarily produced in livestock ranging?

    <p>Cattle for large urban markets and exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Academic Definition of "Political"

    • Structures and functions of government
    • Issues related to territoriality
    • Power structures in diverse societies
    • Political geography analyzes the spatial expression of political ideas.

    World System Analysis

    • Identifies three types of political, social, and economic organizations:
      • Mini-systems (tribal-ethnicity)
      • World empires
      • Capitalist world economies (global, competing entities)

    Political Organizations

    • Five types identified by political organizations:
      • Bands
      • Tribal societies
      • Chiefdoms
      • The state
      • The national state

    Bands

    • Lack formal power structures.
    • United by kinship, culture, and shared traditions.
    • Small-scale societies.
    • Limited claims to territory, primarily hunting territories.
    • Strong cultural identity tied to territory.
    • Reciprocal mode of production.
      • Example: San People of Namibia

    Tribal Societies

    • Larger than bands, united by common ancestry, culture, and language.
    • Usually egalitarian, with limited differentiation among social classes.
    • Strong sense of ownership related to specific territory.
    • Leadership often transitory, based on qualities like bravery or wisdom.
      • Example: The Masai in Kenya, Inuit in Canada

    Chiefdoms

    • Larger political territories with organized military forces.
    • Agricultural societies that developed in regions with abundant resources.
    • Develop in "cultural hearths" through plant and animal domestication.
    • Highly stratified social structure, with a ruling elite.
    • Agricultural surplus extracted through coercion.
    • City-states are the central feature.

    States

    • Independent political units with defined territories, and militarily defended borders.
    • Recognized by other states.
    • Features of independent states are that they have their own military and government.
    • Independent political entity.

    Unitary State

    • Power and authority are centralized in a strong central government.
    • Operating from the capital city.

    Federal State

    • Power and authority distributed across different governmental levels, from national to local.

    National State

    • Population has strong sense of national identity.
    • Territory and nationality are intertwined.
    • Examples of nations without states are Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques.

    Multinational State

    • Consist of diverse populations with a sense of national identity.

    Political Devolution

    • Internal discord and challenge to the state's authority, often related to ethnic groups seeking separate political power.

    Balkanization

    • Ethnic separation and regionalism, often leading to the breakup of multinational states along ethnic lines.

    Nationalism

    • Strong identification and allegiance to a nation and its territory.
    • Involves shared history, ancestry, language, and religion.
    • States often strive for national unification.

    Centrifugal Forces

    • Forces that drive populations apart within multiethnic or multinational societies.
    • Example: economic inequality or class discrimination.

    Centripetal Forces

    • Factors that unite diverse groups and strengthen the state in multinational societies.
    • Example: shared values or institutions like common language, education, and armed forces.

    Classifications of Economic Activities

    • 5 classifications : Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary sectors.
    • Primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors are related to production.
    • Quaternary and quinary sectors are related to handling information, managing, and developing information. (knowledge)

    Cost of Production

    • Factors affecting industrial location: -Costs (labor, raw materials, market, transport). -Complexity of manufacturing processes. -Capitalist ideology (profit maximization.)

    Types of Farming

    • Intensive subsistence farming: Produces food to survive from small plots.
    • Shifting cultivation: Slash-and-burn technique used in tropical areas.
    • Pastoral nomadism: Moving herds to find grazing lands.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the academic definition of political organizations, including the structures and functions of government, types of political organizations, and the characteristics of bands and tribal societies. Delve into how these elements shape power dynamics within societies and understand the broader implications in political geography.

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