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Which economic system is characterized by the state directly controlling most prices, property, and production?
Which economic system is characterized by the state directly controlling most prices, property, and production?
What is one of the common causes of market failures?
What is one of the common causes of market failures?
What does neoliberalism argue regarding the government's role in the economy?
What does neoliberalism argue regarding the government's role in the economy?
Which of the following best describes means-tested public assistance?
Which of the following best describes means-tested public assistance?
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Which term refers to the investment from abroad in productive activities in another country?
Which term refers to the investment from abroad in productive activities in another country?
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What is a primary consequence of recognizing ethnocultural identities within political institutions?
What is a primary consequence of recognizing ethnocultural identities within political institutions?
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What is the role of the cabinet in a parliamentary system?
What is the role of the cabinet in a parliamentary system?
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Which of the following statements best describes a military coup?
Which of the following statements best describes a military coup?
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What is a key factor that makes democracies less likely to experience military coups?
What is a key factor that makes democracies less likely to experience military coups?
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In the context of revolutions, what is one possible outcome?
In the context of revolutions, what is one possible outcome?
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What can be a result of ethnofragmentation in multi-ethnic communities during democratization?
What can be a result of ethnofragmentation in multi-ethnic communities during democratization?
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Which of the following best defines a 'vote of no confidence'?
Which of the following best defines a 'vote of no confidence'?
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Which of these describes a characteristic of a federal system?
Which of these describes a characteristic of a federal system?
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Study Notes
Multicultural Integration
- Ethnocultural identities must be recognized and accommodated in political institutions.
- Recognizing groups helps preserve distinct cultures, promoting diversity.
- Recognition can grant some degree of governing autonomy to particular groups, without them having to seek independence.
- This can improve socioeconomic status of groups.
Assimilation
- Assimilation involves adopting the majority population's culture (e.g., language, religion).
- Recognizing group rights can undermine national identity and shared values.
- Recognizing group identity can lead to disintegration.
Government Structures
- Presidential System: Head of state and government is the president.
- Parliamentary System: Head of state and government are separate; Prime Minister leads the government.
Vote of No Confidence
- Parliament can vote to remove a government (Prime Minister and cabinet).
- If no single party has a majority, a coalition government may be formed.
- A Prime Minister can dissolve the parliament and call for new elections.
- The cabinet acts as a check on the Prime Minister's power.
Unitary vs. Federal Systems
- Unitary Systems: Central government holds sole constitutional sovereignty and power.
- Federal Systems: Power is legally and constitutionally divided among multiple levels of government.
Coup d'État
- Forceful removal of a regime, replacing it with a new one.
- Democratic and highly institutionalized regimes are less likely to experience military coups, as the military is well integrated into the civilian order.
- Coups occur when attempts to maintain military loyalty to the regime fail.
- Factors include weak political institutions and cultures, prioritization of military interests, and personal advancements by individuals within the military.
- The outcomes of coups often result in personalist regimes with weak institutionalization.
Revolution
- Fundamental regime and social change from below.
- More rare than coups.
- Political revolutions may lead to varied, including potential for democratisation.
Market Economy
- Individuals and firms exchange goods and services in a largely free manner.
Command Economy
- The state controls prices, property, and production.
Market Failures
- Market failures occur when markets don't perform efficiently or according to social values.
- Three common causes: externalities, imperfect information, and monopolies.
Neoliberalism
- Advocates for reduced government role in the economy.
- Promotes balanced budgets and maximizing market efficiency and economic growth.
- Rejects Keynesian policies.
Keynesianism
- Government actively manages business cycles.
- Fiscal policy and monetary policy are used to moderate economic fluctuations and stimulus during recessions.
- Allows for deficit spending where needed.
Foreign Direct Investment
- Investment from abroad in productive activities in another country.
International Capital Flows
- Movements of capital (money) in the form of financial capital across international borders.
Universal Entitlements
- Benefits provided to all citizens more or less evenly (e.g., public education).
- Usually funded through general taxation.
- Specific and differing applications exist between states.
Means-Tested Public Assistance
- Social programs providing benefits to individuals below a specific income level.
- Examples include Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families.
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Description
Explore the dynamics of multicultural integration and its impact on political structures. This quiz covers essential concepts such as ethnocultural identities, assimilation, government systems, and the vote of no confidence. Test your knowledge on how these elements shape governance and societal diversity.
