Political Systems and Multicultural Integration
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a factor that can contribute to a military coup?

  • Individuals using the military to advance their own personal goals
  • A strong, well-socialized military controlled by a civilian authority (correct)
  • Weak institutions and political cultures that do not value nonmilitary transfer of power
  • The military seeking its own interests, such as larger budgets or better equipment

Which of the following is a characteristic of a revolution?

  • It always results in a democratic regime.
  • It often involves significant social change as well as regime change. (correct)
  • It is more common than a military coup.
  • It involves a forceful removal of a regime and the establishment of a new one.

A vote of no confidence can force a government to resign.

True (A)

What is the key difference between unitary and federal systems?

<p>In a unitary system, the central government has sole constitutional sovereignty and power. In a federal system, the power is divided among more than one level of government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a command economy?

<p>To ensure that prices, property, and production are controlled by a single entity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of market failures?

<p>Government regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between neoliberal and Keynesian economics?

<p>Neoliberal economics advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy, while Keynesian economics favors active government intervention, particularly through fiscal policy, to manage economic fluctuations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by "deficit spending"?

<p>Deficit spending occurs when a government spends more than it collects in revenue, resulting in a budget deficit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) involves the movement of money across international borders.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Universal entitlements are typically funded through individual contributions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a means-tested public assistance program?

<p>Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a market economy?

<p>Most prices, property, and production are directly controlled by the state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assimilation is the process of adopting the majority culture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a way to improve the socioeconomic status of minority groups?

<p>Granting them autonomy and the right to govern themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The president is both the head of state and the head of government in a presidential system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prime minister is both the head of state and the head of government in a parliamentary system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the economic system where most prices, property, and production are directly controlled by the state?

<p>Command Economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a cabinet in a parliamentary system?

<p>To advise and support the prime minister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of political revolution is often considered to be a result of weak institutions and political cultures?

<p>Military coup (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post-Communist revolutions in Eastern Europe tended to involve more violence than other types of revolutions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of democratization?

<p>To promote social, economic, and political equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term "color revolutions" refers to revolutions that involve large-scale bloodshed and violence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "neopatrimonialism" refer to?

<p>A system of governance dominated by the individual interests of those in power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A personal coup typically results in a regime with strong institutions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between universal entitlements and means-tested public assistance?

<p>Universal entitlements are provided to all citizens regardless of income, while means-tested public assistance benefits are only provided to those who fall below a specific income level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Multicultural Integration

Recognizing and accommodating diverse cultural identities within political institutions.

Assimilation

Adopting the majority culture's language, religion, and practices.

Group Rights

Specific rights given to particular cultural groups.

Presidential System

Head of state and head of government are separate roles, held by the president.

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Parliamentary System

Head of government (prime minister) is chosen by parliament.

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Vote of No Confidence

Parliament votes to remove a government, usually the prime minister and cabinet.

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Unitary System

Central government holds all power.

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Federal System

Power divided between a central and regional government.

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Coup d’État

Forcible takeover of a government by a group (usually the military).

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Revolution

Fundamental regime and social change from below, often more violent than a coup.

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Civil War

Armed conflict between groups within a country.

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Market Economy

Economic system based on free exchange of goods and services.

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Command Economy

Economic system where the government controls production and pricing.

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Market Failures

Situations where markets don't function efficiently or equitably.

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Neoliberalism

Economic theory advocating limited government intervention and free markets.

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Keynesianism

Economic theory advocating government intervention to manage the economy.

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Fiscal Policy

Government use of spending and taxation to influence the economy.

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Deficit Spending

Government spending exceeding revenue.

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Foreign Direct Investment

Investment by a foreign entity in a domestic company.

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International Capital Flows

Movement of money and capital across international borders.

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Universal Entitlements

Public benefits available to all citizens.

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Means-tested Public Assistance

Benefits based on income/need.

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Public Education

Education provided by the government to all citizens.

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Child/Family Allowances

Government support for families with children.

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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Government food assistance program.

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Temporary Assistance to Needy Families

Government assistance program for low-income families.

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Study Notes

Chapter 4-8: Multicultural Integration

  • Ethnocultural identities must be recognized and accommodated within political institutions.
  • Recognizing diverse groups helps preserve distinct cultures.
  • Recognition grants some degree of governing autonomy to particular groups, without requiring independence.
  • This improves socioeconomic status of groups.
  • Assimilation involves adopting the majority culture (language, religion).
  • Recognizing group rights can undermine national identity and shared values.
  • Recognizing group identity may lead to state disintegration.

Head of State and Government

  • Presidential governments: President is both head of state and head of government.
  • Parliamentary governments: Prime Minister is head of government.

Vote of No Confidence

  • A vote in parliament to remove a government.
  • If no single party holds a majority, coalition governments may form.
  • The Prime Minister can dissolve parliament and call for new elections, or the cabinet can serve as check on the PM.

Unitary vs. Federal Systems

  • Unitary systems: Central government holds sole constitutional sovereignty and power.
  • Federal systems: Power is divided among multiple levels of government.

Chapter 9: Coup d'État

  • Coup d'état: Forceful removal of a regime to establish a new one.
  • Democracies and established regimes are less likely to experience military coups, because the military is controlled by civilian authority.
  • Coups occur when attempts to maintain military loyalty fail.
  • Reasons for coups include weak institutions, political culture that doesn't value non-military power transfers, desires of military for self-interest (higher pay, better equipment), or individuals using military for personal advancement.
  • Outcomes of coups often result in more personalist regimes with less institutionalization.

Chapter 10: Revolutions

  • Revolutions involve fundamental changes in a regime, often from the people.
  • Revolution is significantly less common than military coups.
  • Outcomes vary, including possible democratic transitions, among different political revolutions.

Market Economy

  • A market economy is characterized by the exchange of goods and services between individuals and firms, with relatively free markets.
  • A command economy is where the state tightly controls prices, property, and production.

Market Failures

  • Market failures arise when markets don't function efficiently or according to social values.
  • Common causes are externalities, imperfect information, and monopolies.

Neoliberalism

  • Neoliberalism emphasizes limited government involvement in the economy and prioritizing balanced budgets.
  • It promotes free markets and reduced government intervention.

Keynesianism

  • Keynesianism suggests that governments can influence business cycles, using fiscal policy and monetary policy, including deficit spending when necessary.

Chapter 11: Foreign Direct Investment

  • Foreign Direct Investment involves investments made in productive activities in another country.

International Capital Flows

  • International Capital Flows represent the movement of capital in the form of money across borders.

Chapter 12: Universal Entitlements

  • Universal Entitlements are benefits provided by governments to all citizens, usually funded through general taxation.
  • Examples vary widely across states.

Means-Tested Public Assistance

  • Social programs provide benefits to individuals below a specific income level. Examples are the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps) and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).

Child/Family Allowances

  • Child/family allowances are benefits for families with children.

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of multicultural integration and political systems, focusing on ethnocultural identities within political institutions. It discusses the implications of recognizing diverse groups and the distinctions between presidential and parliamentary governments. Additionally, the role of votes of no confidence in government stability is explored.

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