Political Science Module VII: Institutions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes state institutions from non-state institutions?

State institutions are the largest and most formal organizations. (correct)

State institutions are primarily focused on economic matters.

State institutions rely solely on traditional authority.

State institutions operate without any formal organization.

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'influence' in the context of power?

Influence is solely based on coercive power.

Influence can modify another person's behavior without force. (correct)

Influence is synonymous with governmental mandates.

Influence is a form of traditional authority.

What document serves as the source of power that Filipinos entrust to their elected leaders?

The Declaration of Independence.

The Magna Carta.

The 1987 Constitution. (correct)

The Bill of Rights.

Which type of authority is characterized by power passed down through generations?

Traditional authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of the Legislative branch in the Philippines?

To craft laws that benefit the country. Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does the Legislative branch possess in relation to the President?

The power to remove the President from office. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three sources of power mentioned?

Control. Signup and view all the answers

What aim did the crafting of the 1987 Constitution serve in the Philippines?

Preventing authoritarian leadership. Signup and view all the answers

What role do non-state institutions play in society?

They help in developing better societies independently from the state. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of commercial banks?

To be the largest type of bank in the country. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about savings banks is true?

Their transactions are more limited compared to other banks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of rural banks?

To support the agricultural sector. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization stated that education is a primary right for all children?

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, what is expected of primary education?

It must be accessible and free to all children. Signup and view all the answers

How is education viewed in the context of cultural universals?

It is a systemic process of socialization across cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines state about education?

It guarantees access to education for all children. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cooperatives and trade unions?

To protect employees from abuse. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act provide?

Free college education in state and local universities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a manifest function of education?

To transmit knowledge and skills. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a corporation from other types of businesses?

It possesses legal recognition as a single entity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of a white-collar union?

It comprises professional workers such as teachers and nurses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a skill developed through education?

Space exploration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of advocacy in social institutions?

To influence political, economic or social policies. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of union would represent workers in the mining industry?

Industrial or Craft Union. Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of teacher expectancy on student performance?

Students perform better when teachers expect high performance. Signup and view all the answers

In the conflict perspective, how is education perceived in relation to social inequality?

Education is viewed as a mechanism that promotes social inequality. Signup and view all the answers

What does the hidden curriculum refer to?

The unwritten values and beliefs conveyed in the classroom. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change made by the K to 12 curriculum in the Philippines?

Introduction of two additional years of senior high school. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary requirements for distance learning?

Stable internet connection Signup and view all the answers

Which method do some schools use to facilitate distance education?

Modular distance learning Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process by which education quantitatively assesses what students have learned?

Placement assessment. Signup and view all the answers

What societal effect do bullies create by labeling their victims?

Reinforcement of social hierarchies. Signup and view all the answers

How has education in the 'new normal' shifted?

Learning spaces have become virtual. Signup and view all the answers

How does credentialism relate to the conflict perspective in education?

It maintains the dominance of the elite through educational qualifications. Signup and view all the answers

Credentialism in education suggests that individuals with college degrees are viewed as what?

Essential workers with higher societal acceptance Signup and view all the answers

What must students practice to adapt to distance learning?

Self-discipline and independent learning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines social stratification as discussed in the context of education?

An organized ranking of individuals based on social classes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge associated with transitioning to distance learning?

Lack of research on learning outcomes during the pandemic Signup and view all the answers

Social stratification in education refers to what?

A classification based on specific criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of distance learning on schools?

Shift in functions of schools Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a closed system of stratification?

Social class is ascribed and does not change. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes social mobility?

It is the movement between social classes through merit or marriage. Signup and view all the answers

In the caste system of India, which group is considered outside the main classes?

Dalits Signup and view all the answers

How is social status achieved in an open system?

By engaging in successful economic practices. Signup and view all the answers

What restricted aspect is noted in India's caste system concerning the Dalits?

They are often segregated despite legal prohibitions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental difference between open and closed systems of stratification?

Closed systems do not permit changes in class status. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of wealth in an open system?

It can facilitate upward social mobility. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for the divisions in the Indian caste system?

Cultural beliefs and duties. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module VII: State & Non-State Institutions

Power is the ability to influence others' actions, behaviors, and decisions. Three sources include force, influence, and authority.
Force involves threatening or using coercion.
Influence relies on persuasion and relationships.
Authority comes from legitimate means, such as election. Types include traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic.
Traditional authority is passed down through generations, often based on tradition. Ex. Monarchies in UK, Spain & Japan.
Rational-legal authority comes from a constitution. Leaders are elected, like presidents.
Charismatic authority arises due to a compelling personal appeal, often in unstable situations.
The state, as a social institution, is studied through functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives.
Functionalist perspective sees the state with four main functions: maintaining order, guiding society, meeting needs, and managing international relations.
Conflict perspective views the state as controlling, maintaining the status quo.
Interactionist perspective focuses on how power is arranged within the government.
Political organizations range from simple bands to complex states.
Bands are small, egalitarian groups (less than 100 people), with no formal leader.
Tribes are larger groups (100-5,000 people), with family units.
Chiefdoms are ranked societies with centralized authority, often involved in resource redistribution.
States are the most complex, formal political organizations. The state is the largest and most formal political organization run by a government. Organization in the Philippines is run by a government.

State Organization in the Philippines

The 1987 Philippine Constitution is the country's fundamental law with branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. It was crafted to prevent authoritarianism.
Legislative branch creates laws (Senate, House of Representatives). They have impeachment power.
Executive branch executes laws (President, Vice President, cabinet). It handles budget execution.
Judicial branch interprets laws (Supreme Court). They uphold the Constitution.
Impeachment is a process for removing elected officials.
Constitutional Commissions (COMELEC, CHR, CSC, COA) are independent bodies, each having specific functions within the government structure.
Local Government Units (LGUs) include provincial, city, municipal, and barangay governments.
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is the only regional government. It has its own Sharia Law-based judiciary.

Module VIII: Education & Society

Education is a cultural universal, present in all cultures.
Education socializes individuals, transmitting values, beliefs, and behaviors.
UNESCO recognizes education as a fundamental human right.
The 1987 Philippine Constitution also emphasizes the state's responsibility concerning education.
The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act (RA 10931) provides free college education at state and local universities and colleges.
Manifest functions of education are overt, transmitting knowledge and skills, while latent functions are underlying, such as social integration and culture.
Conflict perspective views education as a tool for preserving social inequality. Hidden curriculum and credentialism are examples.
Interactionist perspective shows how labels and teacher expectations affect student behavior. Labeling theory addresses this.

Social stratification refers to a society's system of ranking individuals, based on wealth, power, and prestige.
Social stratification is a societal order divided into ranking groups.
Social stratification can occur in any society and in any group, including small, close-knit groups.
The caste system is a type of social stratification that exists in India, where individuals are born into a specific social class that is very inflexible, based on ascribed status.

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Description

Explore the dynamics of state and non-state institutions in this quiz. Learn about the sources of power, types of authority, and the various perspectives through which the state is analyzed. Test your understanding of functionalist, conflict, and interactionist viewpoints.