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Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria used to assess a society's ability to provide fulfilling lives?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria used to assess a society's ability to provide fulfilling lives?
The state can easily change during elections.
The state can easily change during elections.
False
What type of electoral system tends to lead to a two-party system in elections?
What type of electoral system tends to lead to a two-party system in elections?
Winner-take-all or first-past-the-post
In a federal system, power is ______ between a central government and smaller local governments.
In a federal system, power is ______ between a central government and smaller local governments.
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Match the terms with their definitions.
Match the terms with their definitions.
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What gives an actor cultural power?
What gives an actor cultural power?
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Proportional representation systems typically favor large parties to win elections.
Proportional representation systems typically favor large parties to win elections.
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What is the primary difference between a unitary system and a federal system?
What is the primary difference between a unitary system and a federal system?
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What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?
What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?
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Authoritarianism is characterized by widespread citizen participation in government decisions.
Authoritarianism is characterized by widespread citizen participation in government decisions.
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What term describes the forceful seizure of control of the state by military officers?
What term describes the forceful seizure of control of the state by military officers?
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The first wave of democratization began with the American and French _____.
The first wave of democratization began with the American and French _____.
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In which electoral system does the candidate with the most votes win everything?
In which electoral system does the candidate with the most votes win everything?
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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Proportional representation ensures that parties receive seats based on the percentage of votes they receive.
Proportional representation ensures that parties receive seats based on the percentage of votes they receive.
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Name one country that became a democracy after World War II.
Name one country that became a democracy after World War II.
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Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?
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In a federal system, the central government holds all the power.
In a federal system, the central government holds all the power.
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What is a hypothesis?
What is a hypothesis?
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The ________ refers to the idea that everyone must follow the law, including leaders.
The ________ refers to the idea that everyone must follow the law, including leaders.
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What is an example of an institution?
What is an example of an institution?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Patron-Client relations involve a powerful person giving rewards in exchange for loyalty.
Patron-Client relations involve a powerful person giving rewards in exchange for loyalty.
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Define Political Culture.
Define Political Culture.
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Which type of regime revolves around one leader?
Which type of regime revolves around one leader?
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The bourgeoisie supported democracy because they were concerned about the protection of their wealth and labor.
The bourgeoisie supported democracy because they were concerned about the protection of their wealth and labor.
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Where did the first wave of democratization occur?
Where did the first wave of democratization occur?
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In parliamentary systems, the legislature selects the ______.
In parliamentary systems, the legislature selects the ______.
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What is a common reason for the persistence of authoritarian regimes?
What is a common reason for the persistence of authoritarian regimes?
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Match the following explanations of continuing authoritarianism with their descriptions:
Match the following explanations of continuing authoritarianism with their descriptions:
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Presidential systems are less prone to gridlock compared to parliamentary systems.
Presidential systems are less prone to gridlock compared to parliamentary systems.
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How does capitalism relate to the rise of democracy according to Fukuyama?
How does capitalism relate to the rise of democracy according to Fukuyama?
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What is a key characteristic of unitary systems?
What is a key characteristic of unitary systems?
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In a federal system, local governments have no power.
In a federal system, local governments have no power.
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What role does capitalism play in the rise of democracy according to Fukuyama?
What role does capitalism play in the rise of democracy according to Fukuyama?
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In winner-take-all voting rules, only the candidate with the ______ wins.
In winner-take-all voting rules, only the candidate with the ______ wins.
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Match the type of bureaucracy with its characteristics:
Match the type of bureaucracy with its characteristics:
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Which system is more likely to produce a two-party system?
Which system is more likely to produce a two-party system?
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Countries with high levels of clientelism often exhibit better governance.
Countries with high levels of clientelism often exhibit better governance.
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Name one advantage of a federal system.
Name one advantage of a federal system.
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Study Notes
Key Terms & Concepts
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction about the relationship between variables.
- Independent Variable: The factor that influences or causes change in the dependent variable.
- Dependent Variable: The factor that is being measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.
- Institutions: Established rules and organizations that shape societal behavior and interactions.
- Unitary System: A political system where the central government holds most or all of the power.
- Federal System: A political system where power is shared between national and local governments.
- Power of Judicial Review: The authority of courts to determine the constitutionality of laws.
- Patron-Client Relations: A system where powerful individuals provide favors or benefits in exchange for loyalty.
- Social Cleavages: Divisions within society based on factors like race, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status.
- Rule of Law: The principle that everyone, including leaders, must adhere to the law.
- Merit-Based Bureaucracy: A system where positions are filled based on skills and qualifications rather than political connections.
- Political Culture: Shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about government and political processes within a society.
- Social Capital: Networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and collective action.
- Authoritarianism: A political system where power is concentrated in the hands of a few, often with limited citizen participation.
- Coup d'état: A forceful seizure of power from civilian leadership by military officers.
- First Wave of Democratization: The spread of democratic ideas and systems starting with the American and French Revolutions.
- Second Wave of Democratization: The wave of democratization following World War II, primarily affecting Europe.
- Third Wave of Democratization: Beginning in the 1970s, the wave of democratization spreading across Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Asia.
- Gridlock: A situation where government is unable to pass legislation due to disagreements between branches or parties.
- “Winner-take-all” Rules: Electoral systems where the candidate with the most votes wins all the seats in a district.
- Proportional Representation Rules: Electoral systems where parties receive seats in proportion to the percentage of votes they receive.
- Double-Ballot Elections: Elections where a second round is conducted if no candidate wins a majority in the first round.
- Bourgeoisie: The middle class, often associated with owning property and businesses, and typically favoring democratic values.
- Proletariat: The working class, often demanding greater rights and political participation.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): When a company invests in or acquires a business in another country.
State and Society
- Government vs. State: The government is the group of individuals ruling the state, while the state is the broader system of institutions, encompassing the military, police, and laws.
- Political Power: The ability to influence decision-making and laws, often stemming from government positions.
- Economic Power: Influence based on wealth and control over resources, like owning a company.
- Cultural Power: Influence derived from shaping beliefs, values, and public opinion, like celebrities or religious leaders.
- Unitary vs. Federal Systems: In unitary systems, central power is predominant, while in federal systems, power is shared between national and local governments.
Electoral Systems
- Two-Party Systems: Often result from winner-take-all rules, as smaller parties struggle to gain enough votes to win seats.
- Multi-Party Systems: More common with proportional representation systems, which allow smaller parties to win seats and participate in government.
Authoritarianism
- Types of Authoritarianism: Military regimes use force for control, single-party regimes ban opposition, personalist regimes centralize power around one leader, and monarchic regimes are hereditary.
Democracy
- First Wave of Democratization: Started with the American and French Revolutions.
- Capitalism and Democracy: Fukuyama argues that capitalism contributed to the rise of democracy by fostering a middle class that demanded political participation.
- Presidential vs. Parliamentary Democracies: Presidential systems have separate elections for the president and legislature, while parliamentary systems have the legislature choose the prime minister.
- Gridlock in Presidential Systems: Resulting from disagreements between the president and legislature, hindering law-making.
- Multi-Member Districts and Proportional Representation: In Sweden, these systems promote a multi-party system.
- Single-Member Districts and Winner-Take-All Rules: In the US, these systems favor a two-party system.
- Merit-Based Bureaucracies: Performing better than clientelistic ones, as they prioritize skill over political connections, leading to less corruption and better governance.
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Description
Test your understanding of key political science concepts such as hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, and different political systems. This quiz covers essential terminology and their implications in societal behavior and governance. Perfect for students studying political science or related fields.
