Political Science: Election Laws and Reforms
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Questions and Answers

What year did the British Crown assume direct responsibility for governing India?

  • 1950
  • 1946
  • 1858 (correct)
  • 1600

    • Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal appointed under the Regulating Act of 1773?

  • Lord Canning
  • Lord Cornwallis
  • Lord Warren Hastings (correct)
  • Lord Clive

    • What significant change occurred in 1946 regarding India's governance?

  • Formation of the British Raj
  • Assumption of diwani rights
  • Establishment of the East India Company
  • Formation of the Constituent Assembly (correct)

    • What did the Regulating Act of 1773 aim to control?

    <p>The affairs of the East India Company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Constitution of India adopted?

    <p>1950</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas were under the diwani rights granted to the British in 1765?

    <p>Bengal, Bihar, Orissa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the tenure fixed for the Governor-General under the Regulating Act of 1773?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was not an objective of MN Roy regarding Indian governance?

    <p>Formation of a ruling monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established as part of the Government of India Act, 1935?

    <p>Establishment of the All-India Federation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which list in the Government of India Act, 1935 contained federal subjects for the Centre?

    <p>Federal List</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change did the Government of India Act, 1935 introduce regarding provincial governance?

    <p>Introduction of provincial autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provisions was included in the Government of India Act, 1935?

    <p>Extension of separate electorates for depressed classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event prompted the British Prime Minister to declare the end of British rule in India by June 30, 1948?

    <p>Indian Independence Act, 1947</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main causes leading to the demand for partition by the Muslim League?

    <p>World War II weakening British power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Cripps Mission in 1942?

    <p>To propose constitutional reforms in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provinces did not have bicameralism as per the Government of India Act, 1935?

    <p>Punjab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Preamble of the Indian Constitution primarily outline?

    <p>The basic philosophy and fundamental values of the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which terms were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment in 1976?

    <p>Socialist, Secular, Integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the nature of the Preamble?

    <p>It is non-justiciable but outlines fundamental values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the phrase 'Sovereign' as stated in the Preamble?

    <p>It emphasizes India as an independent state with no authority above it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Kesavananda Bharati case indicate about the Preamble?

    <p>The Preamble can be amended, but basic features are protected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a component of the goals stated in the Preamble?

    <p>Establishment of a monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Preamble, what is meant by promoting 'Fraternity'?

    <p>Ensuring collective identity and the dignity of individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Non-justiciable' mean in the context of the Preamble?

    <p>It cannot be enforced through legal proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to laws inconsistent with or derogating from any Fundamental Rights under Article 13?

    <p>They are declared void.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be challenged on the ground of violating a fundamental right according to the Keshwananda Bharti case?

    <p>Constitutional amendments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 14 of the Constitution ensure?

    <p>Equality before law and equal protection of law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Rule of Law' in the Indian context?

    <p>Punishment can occur only with legal proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the ambit of law as mentioned?

    <p>Non-legislative sources of law like customs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 15 prohibit?

    <p>Discrimination on certain grounds including religion and race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the right to equality?

    <p>It includes both citizens and foreigners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be challenged based on the basic structure of the Constitution according to the Supreme Court?

    <p>Any law violating fundamental rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 2 empower the Parliament to do?

    <p>Admit new states into the union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article allows for the alteration of state boundaries?

    <p>Article 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a way in which union territories can be acquired, as per the content?

    <p>Gift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Union of India?

    <p>It is an indestructible union of destructible states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen before a bill to create a new state is introduced?

    <p>Prior recommendation from the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article mentions the amendment of the First and Fifth schedules?

    <p>Article 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is not authorized by Article 3?

    <p>Create a new Union Territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the status of the relationship between the President and the Parliament concerning new states?

    <p>The President can refer the decision to the states for input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Historical Background

    • British presence in India began in 1600 under Queen Elizabeth I, subsequently obtaining 'diwani' rights in 1765 over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
    • After the Sepoy Mutiny in 1858, the British Crown took direct control of India's governance.
    • MN Roy advocated for a constitution in 1934, leading to the formation of a Constituent Assembly in 1946, which adopted the Constitution on January 26, 1950.

    Regulating Act of 1773

    • First legislative measure by British government to control East India Company (EIC) affairs.
    • Recognized EIC's political and administrative roles; laid the foundation for central administration.
    • Established the position of Governor-General of Bengal; Lord Warren Hastings was the first appointee.
    • Created a 5-year fixed term for the Governor-General and a four-member Executive Council.
    • Introduced separate electorates for Scheduled Castes.

    Government of India Act, 1935

    • Composed of 321 sections and 10 schedules.
    • Established All-India Federation with provinces and princely states.
    • Divided responsibilities into three lists: Federal, Provincial, and Concurrent, with residuary powers to the Viceroy.
    • Abolished dyarchy and implemented provincial autonomy; adopted dyarchy at the center.
    • Introduced bicameral legislatures in six provinces.
    • Expanded separate electorates for depressed classes, women, and labor.

    Indian Independence Act, 1947

    • Announced by British Prime Minister Clement Atlee, ending British rule by June 30, 1948.
    • Enabled provinces wishing to accept the Indian Constitution to do so.
    • The Muslim League was actively demanding partition at this time.

    Causes of Partition

    • Economic impact of World War II weakened British control.
    • Significant political initiatives including the Cripps proposal (1942) and the Quit India Movement.

    Preamble of the Constitution

    • India declared a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular Democratic Republic.
    • Objectives include justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity among citizens.
    • Originally adopted on November 26, 1949; the 42nd Amendment in 1976 added "Socialist," "Secular," and "Integrity."

    Concept of Sovereignty

    • India classified as an independent state with no external authority.
    • Not considered a dominion or dependent entity.

    Union and its Territory

    • Article 1: Defines territory as non-federal with specific provisions for new states and alterations.
    • Articles 2 and 3 outline the powers of Parliament to create or modify states.
    • Legislative changes require the President's recommendation before introduction in Parliament.

    Fundamental Rights

    • Article 14 ensures equality before the law and equal protection under the law, applicable to all persons.
    • Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, with specific access rights to public venues.
    • Equality before law follows British legal principles, while equal protection derives from US jurisprudence.
    • Judicial rulings have established that 'Rule of Law' is a fundamental feature of the Constitution and cannot be altered.

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