Hate Speech and Election Laws Quiz

Study Notes

Hate speech laws are significant in regulating harmful expressions.
The Election Commissioners Act, 2023 is crucial for electoral governance and oversight.

No-confidence motion is a parliamentary tool to challenge government authority.
Parliamentary privileges protect lawmakers in their legislative duties.
Expulsion of lawmakers can occur for misconduct or breach of privilege.
Anti-defection law prevents political turncoats and maintains party integrity.
The ordinance-making power allows the President and Governors to enact temporary laws when Parliament is not in session.
The Governor's ordinance-making power is constrained by specific conditions requiring presidential approval.

Temporary laws, known as ordinances, can be enacted under Articles 123 and 213.
An ordinance must be approved by Parliament within six weeks of the next session to remain effective.
The ordinance power originates from historical legislative acts dating back to 1861.

Article 98 mandates distinct secretarial staff for each House of Parliament.
No law governing recruitment for secretaries has been established yet.
Article 187 parallels provisions for state legislature secretariats.
Special sessions of Parliament can be convened by the President, often on cabinet recommendations.

Governors hold significant power in legislative processes via Article 200.
The Governor can assent, withhold, or return bills for reconsideration.
No specific time limit is stipulated for the Governor’s action on bills, only to act "as soon as possible."
Bills can be reserved for presidential consideration if they could undermine judicial authority.

The Supreme Court ruled that governmental contracts cannot ignore statutory law provisions.
Article 361 grants certain protections to the President and Governors against legal actions.