Podcast
Questions and Answers
What makes it possible for the United Nations to force states to comply?
What makes it possible for the United Nations to force states to comply?
It makes it possible for the United Nations to force states to comply.
The best example of institutional bias (reflecting the history of its creation) is the:
The best example of institutional bias (reflecting the history of its creation) is the:
- Unanimous consent of the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community before 1986.
- One country-one vote procedure in the United Nations General Assembly.
- Veto power of the five permanent members on the United Nations Security Council. (correct)
- Consensus procedure in the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Why do powerful countries bother to follow the rules of the WTO?
Why do powerful countries bother to follow the rules of the WTO?
- Powerful countries are fooled into thinking they obtain benefits.
- Powerful countries see moral value in helping poorer countries.
- Powerful countries receive greater benefits by maintaining a system where everyone plays by the rules. (correct)
- The WTO locks in the powerful participants and binds them permanently to the institution.
Even though powerful countries like Germany, Brazil, and Japan would like a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, they have not started their own competing international organization. This is an example of what?
Even though powerful countries like Germany, Brazil, and Japan would like a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, they have not started their own competing international organization. This is an example of what?
Which of the following is an example of a game of Chicken?
Which of the following is an example of a game of Chicken?
Which category of interest is usually considered the most basic and a prerequisite for other goals?
Which category of interest is usually considered the most basic and a prerequisite for other goals?
In contrast to the anticipated stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, what was the condition of the Iraqi state during the 2003 Iraq War?
In contrast to the anticipated stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, what was the condition of the Iraqi state during the 2003 Iraq War?
Why did the United Nations Security Council not endorse the preventive war against Iraq in 2003?
Why did the United Nations Security Council not endorse the preventive war against Iraq in 2003?
A person goes to college with the hope of improving his or her earning power and future income upon graduation. This is an example of which type of goal that an actor might have?
A person goes to college with the hope of improving his or her earning power and future income upon graduation. This is an example of which type of goal that an actor might have?
Leaders within a country may want to enact democratic reform in order to increase voter participation. This is an example of what kind of state goal?
Leaders within a country may want to enact democratic reform in order to increase voter participation. This is an example of what kind of state goal?
In international relations, actors can be any of the following EXCEPT:
In international relations, actors can be any of the following EXCEPT:
Which of the following is an example of a failed state?
Which of the following is an example of a failed state?
Which entity is the most prominent actor in international relations?
Which entity is the most prominent actor in international relations?
What role did crosscutting lines of authority play in the emergence of the Peace of Westphalia?
What role did crosscutting lines of authority play in the emergence of the Peace of Westphalia?
Which of the following is a potential example of state loss of sovereignty?
Which of the following is a potential example of state loss of sovereignty?
Which of the following would be considered a threat to the nature of sovereignty?
Which of the following would be considered a threat to the nature of sovereignty?
The following are all examples of nongovernmental organizations EXCEPT:
The following are all examples of nongovernmental organizations EXCEPT:
What is a strategic interaction?
What is a strategic interaction?
You are competing against fellow students for the highest grade in the class. Given this competition, which of the following is the best example of a potential strategic interaction?
You are competing against fellow students for the highest grade in the class. Given this competition, which of the following is the best example of a potential strategic interaction?
Which of the following is an example of cooperation?
Which of the following is an example of cooperation?
In the figure, a point on the line segment ab represents what in relation to q?
In the figure, a point on the line segment ab represents what in relation to q?
If bargaining is a fixed-sum, what are the implications for the actors participating in it?
If bargaining is a fixed-sum, what are the implications for the actors participating in it?
In which of the following situations would you expect defection?
In which of the following situations would you expect defection?
Two actors facing a coordination problem are:
Two actors facing a coordination problem are:
Which of the following is an example of a solution to a coordination problem?
Which of the following is an example of a solution to a coordination problem?
________ interactions are the simplest kind of cooperation between actors.
________ interactions are the simplest kind of cooperation between actors.
What kind of problem does the Prisoner's Dilemma story illustrate?
What kind of problem does the Prisoner's Dilemma story illustrate?
The most likely outcome for both participants in the Prisoner's Dilemma is that:
The most likely outcome for both participants in the Prisoner's Dilemma is that:
What was the key characteristic of the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union that makes it applicable to the Prisoner's Dilemma?
What was the key characteristic of the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union that makes it applicable to the Prisoner's Dilemma?
Which is the best definition of a public good?
Which is the best definition of a public good?
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
A state wanting to free ride with regard to ozone depletion would:
A state wanting to free ride with regard to ozone depletion would:
Why are countries more likely to cooperate when there is iteration?
Why are countries more likely to cooperate when there is iteration?
Which of the following is an example of linkage?
Which of the following is an example of linkage?
In 2003, why did Saddam Hussein keep it a secret that Iraq had destroyed its weapons of mass destruction?
In 2003, why did Saddam Hussein keep it a secret that Iraq had destroyed its weapons of mass destruction?
Which of the following is an example of iteration and reciprocity?
Which of the following is an example of iteration and reciprocity?
If the United Nations Security Council decides not to intervene to stop genocide, the reversion outcome would be that:
If the United Nations Security Council decides not to intervene to stop genocide, the reversion outcome would be that:
When bargaining with others, one actor will have an advantage if:
When bargaining with others, one actor will have an advantage if:
Imposing some cost on others to reduce the value of the reversion outcome is known as:
Imposing some cost on others to reduce the value of the reversion outcome is known as:
One means with which a country can coerce other countries is:
One means with which a country can coerce other countries is:
An actor using agenda-setting power during bargaining:
An actor using agenda-setting power during bargaining:
When an actor can get a better deal through alternatives to reaching a bargain, this is sometimes referred to as:
When an actor can get a better deal through alternatives to reaching a bargain, this is sometimes referred to as:
Why is enforcement by institutions actually 'self-enforcement'?
Why is enforcement by institutions actually 'self-enforcement'?
What is the purpose of setting clear standards of behavior?
What is the purpose of setting clear standards of behavior?
Which of the following is an example of an institution helping to verify compliance?
Which of the following is an example of an institution helping to verify compliance?
How did the norm of election monitoring spread even to less democratic elections?
How did the norm of election monitoring spread even to less democratic elections?
Study Notes
Security and Goals in International Relations
- Basic Interest Category: Security is often regarded as a fundamental interest, critical for pursuing other objectives.
- Iraqi State Condition (2003): Iraq was characterized by a deteriorating society due to economic sanctions, rather than having robust infrastructure or a loyal populace.
- UN Security Council Position (2003): Preventive war against Iraq was not endorsed because several permanent members opposed the war and held veto power.
State Goals and Interests
- Material Welfare Example: Pursuing higher education to improve future earning potential exemplifies a material welfare goal.
- Ideological Goals: Leaders may promote democratic reforms to foster increased voter engagement, illustrating an ideological ambition within a state.
- Failed State Definition: A state is deemed failed when its central government collapses, leading to dysfunction and loss of authority.
Actors in International Relations
- Primary Actors: States hold the most significant role in international relations; groups, NGOs, and people also play important parts, but ideologies do not qualify as actors.
Peace of Westphalia and Authority
- Conflict from Overlapping Affiliations: The Peace of Westphalia highlighted conflicts arising from intersecting loyalties among cities, monarchies, and religious interpretations.
Sovereignty and International Governance
- Sovereignty Threats: A superior international government poses a significant threat to state sovereignty.
- Nongovernmental Organizations: Various NGOs exist, like Amnesty International and Greenpeace, but the United Nations operates as a governmental body, not an NGO.
Strategic Interactions and Cooperation
- Definition of Strategic Interaction: Situations where actors' plans are contingent on their expectations of others’ actions define strategic interactions.
- Cooperation Examples: Cooperation can manifest in everyday contexts, such as friends pooling money for a group expense.
Bargaining and Game Theory
- Bargaining Outcomes: In fixed-sum bargaining, gaining for one actor typically results in a loss for another.
- Prisoner's Dilemma: This situation exemplifies a collaboration failure, where mutual defection is the most likely outcome.
Public Goods and Environmental Issues
- Public Good Characteristics: Products that cannot be withheld from others and allow shared enjoyment are classified as public goods, like clean air from pollution reduction laws.
- State Behavior: Countries may attempt to free ride on initiatives like ozone depletion reduction by signing agreements while still contributing to the problem.
Iteration and Reciprocity
- Importance of Iteration: Iteration enhances cooperation by enabling threats of retaliation and future collaborative prospects.
- Linkage Example: Offers of mutual assistance in personal agreements illustrate the linkage concept.
Coercion and Enforcement
- Definition of Coercion: Imposing costs on others to diminish the value of reversion outcomes is termed coercion.
- Self-Enforcement of Institutions: Institutions can compel compliance among members independently, sustaining their own operational integrity.
Compliance and Verification
- Standards of Behavior: Clear behavior standards allow identification of defection in cooperative agreements.
- Institutional Bias Example: The veto power of permanent members in the UN Security Council exemplifies institutional bias derived from historical power dynamics.
Powerful Nations and International Law
- WTO Participation Motivation: Powerful states benefit more by adhering to established rules, ensuring systemic stability in international trade.
- Utilization of Existing Institutions: Nations like Germany and Japan favor engagement within current systems to pursue reform rather than establishing competing organizations.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards focusing on key concepts from Chapter 2 of Political Science. The questions cover essential themes like security, economic welfare, and the state of Iraq during the 2003 war. Perfect for review and preparation for exams.
