Political Regimes: Authoritarian and Totalitarian Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a political regime?

  • A type of government that is only found in democratic societies
  • A set of ideological, institutional, and sociological elements that form the government of a country (correct)
  • A system of laws that regulate the behavior of citizens
  • A set of rules that govern the economy of a country

    • Who defined the political regime as a set of ideological, institutional, and sociological elements that concur to form the government of a given country during a given period?

  • Aristotle
  • Jean-Louis Quermonne (correct)
  • Plato
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau

    • What is the main difference between subjective and objective appreciation of a political regime?

  • Subjective appreciation is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a regime, while objective appreciation is used to evaluate its legitimacy
  • Subjective appreciation is used to describe democratic regimes, while objective appreciation is used to describe authoritarian regimes
  • Subjective appreciation is based on facts, while objective appreciation is based on opinions
  • Subjective appreciation is based on opinions, while objective appreciation is based on facts (correct)

    • According to Rousseau, what is the primary criterion for classifying governments?

    <p>The number of people exercising political power and sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a monarchy and a tyranny?

    <p>A monarchy is a just regime, while a tyranny is an unjust regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't political regimes be understood as a static reality?

    <p>Because they are always changing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Rousseau's classification of governments?

    <p>To identify the best form of government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the questions regarding the form of government in Ancient Greece?

    <p>The organization of political power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundation of a legal and political system?

    <p>Economic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the 'juridicism' approach to analyzing political regimes?

    <p>It fails to consider the informal organization of powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes democratic regimes from authoritarian and totalitarian regimes?

    <p>Open, pluralistic, and organized political competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of totalitarian regimes?

    <p>Political monism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes?

    <p>Limited or total mobilization of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Juan Linz, what is the primary criterion for classifying dictatorships?

    <p>Monistic or pluralistic nature of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ideology in authoritarian regimes?

    <p>It is a façade and individuals are generally indifferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of leadership in totalitarian regimes?

    <p>Arbitrary or discretionary leadership by an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'monisme' in the context of political power?

    <p>A single supreme source of political power recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between contemporary typology of political regimes and older typologies?

    <p>The consideration of the degree of participation and political pluralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of indoctrinating children at a young age?

    <p>To transform them into new men and women, and make them active members and spies of the regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not denouncing someone who is not in line with the regime?

    <p>Being qualified as criminal complicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the destruction of social groups and the creation of mistrust in society?

    <p>Atomization of civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the atomization of civil society?

    <p>Destruction of belonging groups, disruption of solidarity, and feeling of increasing isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of totalitarianism?

    <p>It neglects the differences between Nazism and Stalinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is affected by the atomization of civil society?

    <p>No one is safe, everyone in society is affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Nazi terror and terror in the USSR?

    <p>Nazi terror is expansionist, while USSR terror is national</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essence of totalitarianism, according to Hannah Arendt?

    <p>Terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some authors argue about totalitarian regimes?

    <p>They can never completely eliminate all resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ian Kershaw's study on Bavaria show?

    <p>That an autonomous popular opinion remains despite Nazi ideology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of Hannah Arendt's definition of totalitarianism?

    <p>It implies a very restrictive definition, only applicable to a limited period in history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of Hannah Arendt's idea?

    <p>That it exaggerates the atomization of civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example of the atomization of civil society given in the text?

    <p>The purges of the Stalinist period in the '30s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Nazism and Stalinism?

    <p>They have common features, but also important ideological differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of totalitarianism?

    <p>It is a key concept in understanding the 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a difference between Nazism and Stalinism?

    <p>Nazism is charismatic, while Stalinism is bureaucratic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding and classifying totalitarianism?

    <p>To create a typology of forms of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of regime is characterized as being 'in between'?

    <p>Authoritarian regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of authoritarian regime often referred to as?

    <p>Residual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of authoritarian regimes?

    <p>Controlled political institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may exist in some authoritarian regimes?

    <p>A multiparty system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen in authoritarian regimes during elections?

    <p>The election doesn't concern the mandate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an authoritarian regime?

    <p>A monarchy with a lifetime mandate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of authoritarian leaders?

    <p>They have significant control over the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political Regimes

    • The political regime is a mode of organization of political powers, organizing the powers established by the state, encompassing all the rules or practices according to which people govern in each society.
    • The notion of regime covers ideological, institutional, and sociological elements that form the government of a given country during a given period.
    • Political regimes are not static and evolve over time.

    Authoritarian and Totalitarian Regimes

    • The concept of political regimes has its roots in Ancient Greece, where philosophers like Aristotle and Rousseau classified governments based on the number of people exercising power and the justness of those regimes.
    • Modern political theorists have developed a new typology of political regimes, focusing on two main features:
      • The degree of participation (e.g., citizen participation, level of political participation)
      • The degree of political pluralism (e.g., possibility for a majority and minority/opposition to exist)

    Totalitarian Regimes

    • Totalitarian regimes are characterized by:
      • The absence of open, pluralistic, and organized political competition at regular intervals for access to positions of power
      • Political monism (one group exercises the entire political power)
      • Total mobilization of the population
      • Official and central ideology (individuals must convert to the regime's ideology)
      • Arbitrary or discretionary leadership by an individual
    • Totalitarian regimes indoctrinate children, encourage political denunciation, and create mistrust in society, leading to the atomization of civil society.
    • Hannah Arendt argued that totalitarianism is characterized by terror, which is the essence of totalitarianism.

    Criticisms of Totalitarianism

    • Criticisms of the concept of totalitarianism include:
      • The comparison between Nazism and Stalinism, which may not accurately reflect the differences between the two regimes
      • The idea that totalitarianism leaves no room for society in its analysis, as some authors argue that even under totalitarian regimes, autonomous popular opinion remains.

    Authoritarian Regimes

    • Authoritarian regimes are characterized by:
      • Controlled political institutions (e.g., leaders not chosen by the people through free and competitive elections)
      • Multiparty systems and regular electoral consultations, but with abolished or controlled elections
      • Lack of respect for democratic fundamentals
    • Authoritarian regimes are often referred to as "residual" because they are neither democratic nor totalitarian, and encompass a diverse range of regimes, including monarchies, military, communist, and clerical regimes.

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    Explore the concept of political regimes, including authoritarian and totalitarian systems, and understand the definition and origins of political regimes.

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