Political Geography Concepts and State Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the condition called when there is roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries?

  • Balance of Power (correct)
  • Colonialism
  • Imperialism
  • Berlin Conference
  • What was the Berlin Conference?

    A meeting from 1884-1885 where European nations agreed on rules for colonization of Africa.

    A ______ is an invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory.

    boundary

    What is defined as the city that is the seat of government of a state, nation, or province?

    <p>capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a City-State?

    <p>A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Civil Divisions?

    <p>The part of a governmental unit that oversees noncriminal matters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Colonialism?

    <p>An attempt by one country to establish settlements and impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Colony.

    <p>A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Compact State?

    <p>A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Core refer to?

    <p>The center, most important section of the city.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Democratization?

    <p>The spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Devolution.

    <p>The transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Elongated State?

    <p>A state with a long, narrow shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EEZ stand for?

    <p>Exclusive Economic Zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a Fragmented State.

    <p>A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Federal State?

    <p>An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Frontier?

    <p>A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define High Seas.

    <p>The portion of the oceans considered common territory, not under any kind of exclusive state jurisdiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Gerrymandering?

    <p>The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Imperialism refer to?

    <p>Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Irredentism?

    <p>A policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a Landlocked State.

    <p>A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Microstate?

    <p>A state that encompasses a very small land area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Multinational State contain?

    <p>Two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a Perforated State.

    <p>A state that completely surrounds another one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Prorupted State?

    <p>An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sovereignty?

    <p>The ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a State.

    <p>An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Stateless Nation?

    <p>A nation of people that does not have a territory to legally occupy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Territorial Waters?

    <p>The area of sea around a country's coast recognized as being under that country's jurisdiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Territoriality.

    <p>The behavior of a male animal that defines and defends its territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Terrorism?

    <p>The use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a Unitary State.

    <p>An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political Geography Concepts

    • Balance of Power: Achieved when opposing countries or alliances have roughly equal strength, impacting international relations and conflicts.
    • Berlin Conference (1884-1885): A pivotal meeting where European nations established rules for the colonization and division of Africa, leading to significant geopolitical changes.
    • Boundary: An invisible line that delineates the limits of a state's territory, essential for defining political and legal jurisdictions.
    • Capital: The principal city where a state's government is based, often the center of political power and administration.

    State Types and Structures

    • City-State: An independent sovereign entity that consists of a single city and its surrounding territory, often having its own governance and policies.
    • Compact State: Characterized by a relatively uniform shape where the distance from the center to any boundary remains consistent, enhancing administrative efficiency.
    • Elongated State: A state with a long and narrow geographic profile, potentially complicating governance and resource distribution.
    • Fragmented State: A state composed of multiple separate pieces of territory, which can present challenges for unity and governance.
    • Landlocked State: Lacks direct access to oceanic coastlines, often facing economic disadvantages in trade.
    • Microstate: An extremely small sovereign state that occupies a limited land area.
    • Multinational State: A state that hosts multiple ethnic groups with independent traditions that coexist peacefully under a single governance structure.
    • Perforated State: A state that completely surrounds another state, creating unique diplomatic and social dynamics.
    • Prorupted State: Typically a compact state with a significant extension or protrusion, which can be strategically beneficial or problematic.

    Governance and Authority

    • Civil Divisions: Governmental branches that manage non-criminal issues, emphasizing the administrative aspects of governance.
    • Federal State: A system where the central government distributes authority to local government units, allowing for regional autonomy.
    • Unitary State: Centralized governance where the majority of political power is concentrated in the national government, minimizing the power of local entities.
    • Sovereignty: The supreme authority of a state to govern itself without external interference, critical for national autonomy.
    • Democratization: The process of increasing the prevalence of representative government across different nations, promoting political inclusivity.

    International Law and Territorial Issues

    • Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): A maritime area extending up to 200 nautical miles from a state's coast, granting special marine resource rights.
    • High Seas: Portions of oceans that are not owned or controlled by any state, considered common international territory.
    • Territorial Waters: Maritime zones adjacent to a country's shoreline under its jurisdiction, crucial for control and resource management.
    • Territoriality: Behavioral patterns observed in animals, where individuals defend their defined space against intruders, analogous to human territorial claims.

    Socio-Political Dynamics

    • Colonialism: The process by which one nation establishes control over another, imposing its culture and governance on the indigenous populace.
    • Imperialism: Involves the dominance of a nation over territories already inhabited, often disrupting local societies.
    • Gerrymandering: The strategic manipulation of electoral district boundaries to benefit a specific political party or group.
    • Irredentism: The ambition of a nation to expand its territory to include areas inhabited by its nationals in neighboring regions.
    • Stateless Nation: Groups, such as Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques, that identify as distinct national entities but lack an internationally recognized sovereign territory.

    Security and Conflict

    • Terrorism: The use of violence by non-state actors against civilians, intended to instill fear and compel governmental policy changes.
    • Frontier: A region separating two political entities where neither exercises full authority, often leading to tensions or unique interactions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in political geography, including the balance of power, significant historical events like the Berlin Conference, and definitions of important political terms such as boundaries and capitals. It also examines different types of states and their characteristics, enhancing understanding of geopolitical dynamics.

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