Political Foundations Unit Test

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Questions and Answers

There are 198 countries in the world. What is the baseline for the first 193 countries? (just a few words)

United Nations (UN) member states

What is one of the CATEGORIES of countries that make it add up to 198 from the 193? (just a few words)

UN observer states

What are the 2 reasons other "countries" aren't really countries? (Think 1. Western Sahara or Kosovo, and 2. Somaliland or South Ossetia) (just a few words each)

  1. Lack of widespread international recognition. 2. Lack of full sovereignty or control.

What can be defined as "the use of government resources to promote the growth of a country's economy through things like increasing trade, promoting investments, and collaboration on bilateral and multilateral trade agreements"? (a two-word phrase)

<p>Economic diplomacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be defined as "to express severe disapproval of someone or something, especially in a formal statement"? (one word)

<p>Censure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be defined as "a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey"? (one word)

<p>Sanction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be defined as "international agreements concluded between states in written form and governed international law"? (one or two words)

<p>Treaties</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be defined as "a plan of action developed by governments in order to deal with questions concerning international issues and relations"? (a two-word phrase)

<p>Foreign policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were "second world countries"? (one word)

<p>Communist</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term has replaced "third world" as a descriptor of those countries? (a two-word phrase)

<p>Developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inaccurate of the use of "north" versus "south" countries? (a short phrase)

<p>Geographic inaccuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a conference, summit, or similar gathering discussed in class? (just the name)

<p>G20 Summit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action was taken to pressure South Africa to end apartheid?

<p>Sanctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which international leader led the charge to apply the action to pressure South Africa to end apartheid?

<p>Brian Mulroney (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On what other country is that same action from the previous questions currently in place? (just name the country)

<p>Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the International Court of Justice do? (select all that apply)

<p>Settles cases between states (A), Provides advice to U.N. organs and agencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why didn't the League of Nations work? (identify any one of the answers discussed in class)

<p>Lack of enforcement power</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the ways discussed in class that prove Canada is a strong supporter of the United Nations.

<p>Contributions to peacekeeping operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the general topics that foreign policy is based around? (Check all that apply.)

<p>International Stability (A), Humanitarian Efforts (B), Economic Trade (C), Health of the Environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of all of the different ways of classifying countries, which classification most effectively captures the similarities and differences among political entities? (identify and briefly (half sentence) explain why)

<p>Developed/Developing classification, as it groups countries by key economic and social indicators relevant to global policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a country object to being classified in a particular way? (short phrase)

<p>Negative connotations or oversimplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the organization with its purpose.

<p>Solidarity amongst members, economic development, and international cooperation = AU Maintaining peace and security, fostering friendly relations among nations, and promoting global cooperation. = UN Protecting citizens, developing economic base, creating environmental and social environment = EU Promote economic growth, social progress and cultural development = ASEAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the agreement with its feature.

<p>Universal acceptance = UNFCCC Regulating international trade for a particular commodity = CITES Key parties need to sign on still = CTBT Includes labour, environment, trade, culture, energy, and agriculture = CUSMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the theories of foreign policy with the appropriate explanation.

<p>Realistic efforts towards utopia = Pragmatic Idealism Protecting exchanges = Trade is the Key Direction of the government = Official Policy Controlled by or balancing US foreign policy = Puppet or Counterweight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors that influence foreign policy with its description.

<p>Domestic composition = Civil Society Spokesperson's image or reputation = Leadership Political party in power = Ideology Wealth or military = Power Shape public opinion = Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify and explain the purpose of TWO of the main organs of the United Nations.

<ol> <li>Security Council: Responsible for maintaining international peace and security; can authorize peacekeeping operations or sanctions. 2. General Assembly: The main deliberative body where all member states are represented; discusses global issues and makes recommendations.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the 5 courses of action that the CIA took to influence the internal politics of some countries that we discussed in class was the most reasonable, in the eyes of the international community? Then briefly (half sentence) explain why it was reasonable.

<p>Funding non-violent democratic opposition groups, as it aligns with promoting democracy without resorting to direct overthrow or violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what ONE of the Bomber Gap or the Missile Gap was AND explain its significance.

<p>Missile Gap: The perceived Cold War notion that the USSR had superior intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) numbers compared to the US. Significance: It significantly fueled the arms race and increased Cold War tensions and military spending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the order of a United Nati ons conference, as demonstrated in our simulation in class. (list the parts in order)

<p>Typical order: Roll Call, Setting the Agenda, Opening Speeches, Debate (Speakers List, Moderated/Unmoderated Caucuses), Drafting Resolutions (Working Papers/Draft Resolutions), Voting Procedure, Closing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reasonable course of action to limit foreign interference in elections? (short description)

<p>Enhance cybersecurity defenses for election infrastructure and implement transparency laws for online political advertising.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two new powers should the Canadian Security Intelligence Service reasonably have to effectively monitor and take action threats to Canada and Canadians? (short description of each)

<ol> <li>Enhanced digital surveillance warrants: Streamlined legal ability (with oversight) to monitor communications of suspected foreign agents. 2. Threat reduction measures: Legally defined authority (with oversight) to actively disrupt confirmed foreign interference activities.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How can the world's nuclear powers effectively reduce (and eventually eliminate) the production, stockpile, and use of nuclear weapons without putting global security at risk? (short description)

<p>Through verifiable, step-by-step arms control treaties, strengthened non-proliferation efforts, and building mutual trust via diplomacy and transparency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify an example and explain the significance of the government changing the name of its foreign affairs ministry. (word change/addition and short description)

<p>Example: Canada changing to 'Global Affairs Canada'. Significance: Showcased a shift towards a broader mandate including international development and consular services alongside traditional diplomacy and trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the 5 "core responsibilities of today's Global Affairs Canada" do you feel is most important? Identify and briefly (half sentence) explain why.

<p>Providing Consular Services, because directly assisting Canadians abroad in times of need is a fundamental duty of the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the current priorities of Canada's foreign policy, where would you place Canada on the self-interest to altruism continuum where self-interest is 1 and altruism is 5? Briefly (half sentence) explain why.

<p>Around 3, as Canada pursues economic/security goals while also championing multilateralism and providing significant development aid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide evidence that "Global Affairs Canada is helping Canadians internationally." (short description)

<p>Operating embassies and consulates worldwide that provide passport services and emergency assistance to Canadian citizens abroad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide evidence that "Global Affairs Canada is having a positive effect on the world." (short description)

<p>Funding international development projects focused on poverty reduction, education, and health in developing nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection of the movie Thirteen Days to the content of this unit? (short description)

<p>The movie vividly illustrates concepts like international crisis management, Cold War brinkmanship, diplomacy under pressure, and presidential decision-making in foreign policy during the Cuban Missile Crisis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Economic diplomacy

Using government resources to boost a country's economy through trade and investment agreements.

Censure

To express strong disapproval of someone or something, particularly in a formal setting.

Sanction

A strong action or punishment to enforce obedience to laws or rules.

Treaty

International agreements between states, written, and governed by international law.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Action Plan

A plan developed by governments to address international issues and relations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sanctions

Actions that pressured South Africa to end apartheid.

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International Court of Justice

A body that settles cases between states, provides advice to the U.N., and tries individuals for crimes against humanity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Foreign Policy Topics

Humanitarian efforts, health of the environment, economic trade, and international stability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ASEAN

Promote economic growth, social progress and cultural development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AU

Solidarity amongst members, economic development, and international cooperation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

UN

Maintaining peace and security, fostering friendly relations among nations, and promoting global cooperation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

EU

Protecting citizens, developing economic base, creating environmental and social environment

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • This is a political foundations unit test.
  • It assesses individual knowledge, and integrity by ensuring no communication about test content until everyone is done.
  • Once finished, one should submit the test, keep the tab open.

Knowledge Questions

  • There are 198 countries total and the baseline is 193 countries.
  • One category of countries that contributes to the total of 198, beyond the initial 193, needs to be identified.
  • Two reasons exist why certain territories might not be considered "real" countries, with Western Sahara/Kosovo and Somaliland/South Ossetia as examples.
  • The use of government resources to boost a country's economy through trade, investment, and collaboration is called economic diplomacy.
  • "To express severe disapproval" can be defined as censure.
  • A strong action to enforce laws or a punishment for disobedience can be defined as enforcement.
  • International agreements in written form and governed by international law are known as treaties.
  • A plan of action developed by governments to address international issues is a foreign policy.
  • "Second world countries" is a term which can be defined as communist states.
  • The term "developing countries" has replaced "third world".
  • The inaccuracy of using "north" versus "south" countries is inaccurate due to over generalization.
  • Examples of international gatherings include conferences, summits, or those discussed in class.
  • South Africa's apartheid was stopped due to sanctions.
  • Brian Mulroney pushed for sanctions on South Africa to end apartheid.
  • Sanctions are currently in place on Russia.
  • The International Court of Justice settles cases between states, provides advice to U.N. organs and agencies and tries individuals for crimes against humanity.
  • The League of Nations did not work due to multiple reasons.
  • Canada is a strong supporter of the UN in a number of different ways.
  • Humanitarian efforts, health of the environment, economic trade and international stability are general topics that foreign policy is based around.

Thinking Questions

  • Need to establish the most effective classification of countries, which captures the similarities and differences among political entities.
  • Countries may object to classifications for several reasons
  • Requires matching organizations (AU, ASEAN, EU, UN) to their purposes.
  • Purposes include promoting solidarity, maintaining peace, protecting citizens, and promoting economic growth.
  • Agreements (CUSMA, CTBT, UNFCCC, CITES) must be matched with their features.
  • Features include universal acceptance, regulating trade, requiring key parties to sign, and including various sectors like labor and environment.
  • Theories of foreign policy are matched with explanations.
  • Theories include Official Policy, Pragmatic Idealism, Trade is the Key, and being a Puppet or Counterweight.
  • Factors influencing foreign policy should be matched with descriptions.
  • Factors include Civil Society, Ideology, Leadership, Media, and Power.

Communication Questions

  • The main organs of the United Nations must be identified and explained.

CIA Actions

  • Considering which course of action the CIA took that influenced the internal politics of some countries.

Application Questions

  • One of the Bomber Gap or the Missile Gap, and its significance, must be explained.
  • The order of a United Nations conference has to be described.
  • A reasonable course of action to limit foreign interference in elections had to be explained.
  • The powers the Canadian Security Intelligence Service should have to monitor and act on threats explained.
  • Explain how the world's nuclear powers can effectively reduce the production, stockpile, and use of nuclear weapons
  • The explanation of the effect of government changing the name of its foreign affairs ministry is needed
  • Identify the most important core responsibility of today's Global Affairs Canada.
  • Based on Canada’s foreign policy priorities, place Canada on a self-interest to altruism continuum.
  • Evidence that "Global Affairs Canada" is helping Canadians internationally to evidence.
  • Evidence to evidence that "Global Affairs Canada" is having a positive effect on the world.
  • The connection of the movie Thirteen Days to the content of the unit must be highlighted.

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