Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor has contributed to the increased proportion of women among global migrants?
Which factor has contributed to the increased proportion of women among global migrants?
- Decreased demand for labor in traditionally male-dominated industries.
- Global decrease in domestic work opportunities.
- Stricter immigration policies targeting male migrants.
- Increased demand for foreign labor in jobs traditionally worked by women. (correct)
What is a key characteristic of contemporary migration patterns?
What is a key characteristic of contemporary migration patterns?
- Decreased frequency of temporary migration.
- Clear distinctions between countries of origin, transit, and destination.
- Migrants settling permanently in the first country they enter.
- Blurring distinctions between countries of origin, transit, and destination. (correct)
What does the political economy perspective primarily view immigration as?
What does the political economy perspective primarily view immigration as?
- A drain on national resources.
- An irrelevant factor in economic systems.
- A purely humanitarian endeavor.
- A mechanism to supply workers and a tool for capital accumulation. (correct)
Which of the following is considered a drawback of the political economy approach to migration?
Which of the following is considered a drawback of the political economy approach to migration?
What is a core tenet of neoliberalism related to migration?
What is a core tenet of neoliberalism related to migration?
According to the material, what is the purpose of the 'Safe Third Country Principle'?
According to the material, what is the purpose of the 'Safe Third Country Principle'?
What is a primary criticism of the Business Class immigration category?
What is a primary criticism of the Business Class immigration category?
Which group is most likely to be represented in the Home Child Care Provider immigration category?
Which group is most likely to be represented in the Home Child Care Provider immigration category?
What unique ability do provinces have regarding immigration, according to the text?
What unique ability do provinces have regarding immigration, according to the text?
What is a defining characteristic of 'marginalized migrants'?
What is a defining characteristic of 'marginalized migrants'?
What is a potential consequence of the dependence of home caregivers on their employers?
What is a potential consequence of the dependence of home caregivers on their employers?
What trend has been observed in Canada's Family Class immigration category?
What trend has been observed in Canada's Family Class immigration category?
What issue is associated with the increased reliance on Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW)?
What issue is associated with the increased reliance on Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW)?
Which of the following is NOT considered within the three key trends of migration?
Which of the following is NOT considered within the three key trends of migration?
Which concept aligns with the idea that family reunification is viewed as less economically valuable in immigration policy?
Which concept aligns with the idea that family reunification is viewed as less economically valuable in immigration policy?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a characteristic of neoliberalism and migration?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a characteristic of neoliberalism and migration?
How does the political economy approach view immigrants' attractiveness to employers?
How does the political economy approach view immigrants' attractiveness to employers?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the blurring distinctions between countries of origin, transit, and destination?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the blurring distinctions between countries of origin, transit, and destination?
If a country is considered 'safe' under the Safe Third Country Principle, what does that imply for a refugee claimant arriving from that country?
If a country is considered 'safe' under the Safe Third Country Principle, what does that imply for a refugee claimant arriving from that country?
Which of the following is the LEAST likely characteristic of economic immigrants, according to the text?
Which of the following is the LEAST likely characteristic of economic immigrants, according to the text?
How might the decline in the Family Class immigration category impact gender dynamics within immigrant communities?
How might the decline in the Family Class immigration category impact gender dynamics within immigrant communities?
For provinces utilizing the Provincial Nominee Program to address labor shortages, which type of worker would likely be prioritized?
For provinces utilizing the Provincial Nominee Program to address labor shortages, which type of worker would likely be prioritized?
In what way does viewing immigration through a 'political economy' lens risk oversimplifying the complexities of human migration?
In what way does viewing immigration through a 'political economy' lens risk oversimplifying the complexities of human migration?
Under what condition would someone be considered a refugee under Canada's In-Canada Refugee Protection Process?
Under what condition would someone be considered a refugee under Canada's In-Canada Refugee Protection Process?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely be viewed as reflecting 'exploitation' concerns within the Home Child Care Provider category?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely be viewed as reflecting 'exploitation' concerns within the Home Child Care Provider category?
Why might 'aging populations and low birth rates' be relevant when considering the 'drawbacks of the Political Economy Approach' to migration?
Why might 'aging populations and low birth rates' be relevant when considering the 'drawbacks of the Political Economy Approach' to migration?
What is the underlying assumption when 'migrants are understood as making little contribution to the economy and constructed as part of the immigration “problem”'?
What is the underlying assumption when 'migrants are understood as making little contribution to the economy and constructed as part of the immigration “problem”'?
In the context of neoliberalism, what does the emphasis on 'individual self-sufficiency' imply regarding immigrant integration policies?
In the context of neoliberalism, what does the emphasis on 'individual self-sufficiency' imply regarding immigrant integration policies?
Which of the following best illustrates the 'gendering of quality of immigrants' concept?
Which of the following best illustrates the 'gendering of quality of immigrants' concept?
What is a key difference between Economic Immigrants and Marginalized Migrants regarding their rights in Canada?
What is a key difference between Economic Immigrants and Marginalized Migrants regarding their rights in Canada?
What is one potential unintended consequence of provinces developing their own selection criteria for immigrants under the Provincial Nominee Program?
What is one potential unintended consequence of provinces developing their own selection criteria for immigrants under the Provincial Nominee Program?
How might the principle of 'humanitarianism' challenge the strict application of the 'Safe Third Country Principle'?
How might the principle of 'humanitarianism' challenge the strict application of the 'Safe Third Country Principle'?
Given the controversies surrounding exploitation and inadequate enforcement of worker's rights for Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW), which policy intervention would MOST directly address the issue?
Given the controversies surrounding exploitation and inadequate enforcement of worker's rights for Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW), which policy intervention would MOST directly address the issue?
If a country shifts its immigration policies to prioritize highly skilled economic immigrants over family reunification, what is one potential long-term social consequence?
If a country shifts its immigration policies to prioritize highly skilled economic immigrants over family reunification, what is one potential long-term social consequence?
How might critics leverage demographic data (aging populations, low birth rates) to challenge a purely neoliberal approach to immigration policy?
How might critics leverage demographic data (aging populations, low birth rates) to challenge a purely neoliberal approach to immigration policy?
Insanely Difficult: Imagine a scenario where a province heavily relies on the Provincial Nominee Program, specifically targeting semi-skilled workers in agriculture. However, these workers face systemic barriers to accessing permanent residency and are often relegated to precarious employment with limited social support. What theoretical framework BEST explains this paradox?
Insanely Difficult: Imagine a scenario where a province heavily relies on the Provincial Nominee Program, specifically targeting semi-skilled workers in agriculture. However, these workers face systemic barriers to accessing permanent residency and are often relegated to precarious employment with limited social support. What theoretical framework BEST explains this paradox?
Insanely Difficult: Assume a government implements an immigration points system that heavily favors applicants with advanced degrees in STEM fields and fluency in the dominant language. All applicants, regardless of background, are theoretically given an equal chance to qualify. However, statistically, applicants from certain regions of the world and specific socioeconomic backgrounds consistently score higher and are admitted at disproportionately greater rates. What could a post-structuralist scholar argue MOST persuasively about this system?
Insanely Difficult: Assume a government implements an immigration points system that heavily favors applicants with advanced degrees in STEM fields and fluency in the dominant language. All applicants, regardless of background, are theoretically given an equal chance to qualify. However, statistically, applicants from certain regions of the world and specific socioeconomic backgrounds consistently score higher and are admitted at disproportionately greater rates. What could a post-structuralist scholar argue MOST persuasively about this system?
Flashcards
Female Migration Increase
Female Migration Increase
More than half of the world's migrants are women, driven by demand for foreign labor and changing gender relations.
Blurred Country Roles
Blurred Country Roles
Countries serve as origin, transit, and destination points for migrants.
Temporary Migration
Temporary Migration
Individuals migrate multiple times throughout their lives to different countries or back to the same places.
Immigration's Economic Role
Immigration's Economic Role
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Demographic Challenges
Demographic Challenges
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Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism
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Business Support for Immigration
Business Support for Immigration
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Refugees
Refugees
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Safe Third Country Principle
Safe Third Country Principle
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Economic Immigrants
Economic Immigrants
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Business Class Immigrants
Business Class Immigrants
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Marginalized Migrants
Marginalized Migrants
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Study Notes
- Proportion of women among migrants has increased rapidly, now more than half of the world's migrants are women.
- Demand for foreign labor in traditionally female-dominated jobs explains the rise in female migration.
- Changing gender relations in countries of origin empower women to seek independence through migration.
- Domestic work, marriage, and sex trafficking are factors in women leaving their countries.
- Distinctions between countries are becoming blurred as almost all countries serve as origin, transit, and destination points for migrants.
- Temporary migration is much more important now. It is becoming unusual for people to migrate to a country and remain there for the rest of their lives.
- Moving multiple times throughout one’s life, to different countries or back and forth to the same places is becoming much more normal.
Political Economy of Migration
- Immigration functions as a mechanism to supply workers.
- Immigration serves as a tool for capital accumulation.
- Consider the factors that make immigrants attractive to employers.
Drawbacks of Political Economy Approach
- Demographics matter, including aging populations and low birth rates.
- Humanitarianism is relevant.
- Policies arise from complex sets of social relations.
- Immigrants are diverse, possessing various personal capabilities, interests, and potentials.
Neoliberalism & Migration
- Assumptions about the role of government in the modern era of globalization influence migration policies.
- These include limited government, limited programs, individual self-sufficiency and free markets.
- Businesses and employers tend to support “open” immigration policies.
Refugees
- Refugees involve resettlement from outside Canada, assisting those fleeing their country due to war or other crises.
- In-Canada Refugee Protection Process is where individuals qualify as refugees if they have well-founded fears of persecution or if removal from Canada would subject them to dangerous conditions.
Safe Third Country Principle
- Refugee claims must be made in the "safe" country in which the refugees were last present, preventing asylum shopping.
- You cannot claim refugee status in Canada if you are coming from a "safe" country.
- There are certain problems with the program. Not all "safe" countries accept refugees from the same source countries (e.g., the US does not accept Columbians, but Canada does).
Economic Immigrants
- The largest category of immigrants and the focus of much recent policy.
Federal Skilled Workers Program
- It requires meeting admission criteria such as: offers of employment (working in a select occupation), proof of funds, and achieving a passing score (67 out of 100) on a points system.
Business Class
- Admits people who can invest in or start businesses in the country.
- It sees the economic contributions of the person as indicative of the sum worth of the person.
- It has been criticized for creating “Race relations” problems. Critics suggest it offers Canadian citizenship as something for sale.
Home Child Care Provider / Home Support Worker
- Previously live-in caregiver.
- Workers tend to be mainly women, often from the Philippines or the Caribbean.
- These individuals need to live in the private home of their employers.
- There is concern about exploitation, as caregivers are highly dependent on their employers.
- Quitting may put them at great risk of being unemployed.
Provincial Nominees
- Provinces can essentially develop their own selection criteria for immigrants and they aren’t bound by the federal points system.
- The program allows provinces to quickly resolve labor shortages, and is employer driven.
- This includes students, business people, skilled workers, and semi-skilled workers.
Family Class
- It has been diminishing in Canada's immigration system.
- In 1994 family class immigrants made up about 40% of total immigrants to Canada, but in 2017 it has been closer to 28%, but has increased in recent years.
- Migrants are understood as making little contribution to the economy, constructed as part of the immigration “problem”.
- There are gendering of “quality” of immigrants.
- Gendered ideas are central in defining migrant categories.
- Family category is "feminized." Marginalized Migrants
- They differ from other categories as they lack the right to permanent residence.
- They are admitted to Canada to do specific jobs for determined periods of time.
- Increased reliance is placed on temporary foreign workers (TFW).
- Controversies exist around exploitation of workers and inadequate enforcement of workers' rights.
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