Political Developments in Mexico (1970-1976)

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Questions and Answers

What was the name of Mexico's political system during the period discussed?

A Unitary System

A One-Party System (correct)

A Multi-Party System

A Two-Party System

What is a significant factor that contributed to difficulties in implementing a program in Central America?

Increased agricultural production leading to food shortages

Political instability in the region (correct)

Lack of funding for rural development

A focus on urban development over rural areas

What is the primary goal of the 'rural production' program mentioned in the text?

To reduce dependence on food imports

To enhance rural living standards (correct)

To increase agricultural production

To foster economic growth in rural areas

What does the chart about 'Growth of the Petroleum Industry' suggest about the state of Mexico's petroleum industry during the period shown?

The petroleum industry was affected by economic instability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What two presidents are mentioned in the text as having struggled with the implementation of a development program?

Lopez and Reagan (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was one major reason that Mexico's economic growth was unable to meet expectations during the 1980s?

The world oil supply increased, leading to lower oil prices and reduced revenue for Mexico. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was one negative consequence of the Lopez Portillo administration's emphasis on government spending and subsidies?

It fueled a decrease in national income, which was insufficient to cover government costs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Despite the focus on agricultural development, what was a persistent issue for Mexico?

The reliance on foreign imports for a significant portion of its food supply. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Despite a decrease in the percentage of illiterates in Mexico, what trend emerged in the absolute number of illiterates after 1970?

It increased due to the rapid population growth, despite the declining illiteracy rate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that contributed to the willingness of international banks to extend loans to Mexico during the Lopez Portillo administration?

The country's extensive natural resources, particularly oil reserves. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind the devaluation of the Mexican peso in 1982?

A decline in the country's oil production and export revenue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate impact of the peso's devaluation on Mexican businesses?

Reduced access to foreign capital and increased borrowing costs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the Mexican government pursue to address the peso's devaluation?

Imposing strict currency controls and restricting capital outflows (A) Signup and view all the answers

How did the Mexican government's nationalization of banks impact businesses?

It imposed a heavy burden on the national economy, as many nationalized banks were in financial distress. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the leadership of President Lopez Portillo based on the text?

He was a hesitant leader who made miscalculations that worsened the economic crisis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Failures of Development in the One-Party State

Luis Echeverría's presidency (1970-1976) saw political tensions persist, with the Mexican left holding him responsible for government overreaction.
Echeverría's campaign lacked public appeal despite his efforts. He cultivated a populist image through direct engagement with citizens.
Echeverría prioritized rural Mexico, revitalizing rural road systems and electrification projects.
Faced with global inflation, he imposed price controls on basic goods and taxes on luxury items.
A cautious approach to family planning was introduced, along with the release of imprisoned students.
Student demonstrations were met with force, leading to deaths and injuries.
Violence escalated with bank robberies linked to the revolutionary movement Movimiento Amado Revolucionario (MAR).
Political unrest in Guerrero: Guerrilla movements rooted in campesino protests sought control of agriculture and social justice.
Lucio Cabañas, a former schoolteacher, spearheaded a guerrilla movement in Guerrero. This was met with extreme violence by the army.
Echeverria's regime faced criticism for using excessive force against those expressing dissent.
The PRI's rule (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) had issues addressing the needs of marginalized populations.
Echeverria's presidency ended with significant economic challenges.

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Description

Explore the complexities of Luis Echeverría's presidency in Mexico from 1970 to 1976. This quiz delves into political tensions, economic challenges, and social unrest during this critical period. Understand the impact of Echeverría's policies on rural communities and the response to student demonstrations.