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Questions and Answers
What was the primary goal of the economic development program in the one-party state, as described in the text?
What was the primary goal of the economic development program in the one-party state, as described in the text?
- To expand the country's industrial sector.
- To increase government control over the oil industry.
- To reduce economic dependence on foreign imports.
- To improve the standard of living in rural areas. (correct)
What challenges did the leaders face in implementing the economic development program in the one-party state?
What challenges did the leaders face in implementing the economic development program in the one-party state?
- Political instability and unrest in Central America. (correct)
- Resistance from workers in the agricultural sector.
- Economic sanctions imposed by international organizations.
- Opposition from the business community.
What is the main purpose of the graph provided in the text?
What is the main purpose of the graph provided in the text?
- To demonstrate the effectiveness of the economic development program.
- To show the growth of oil production in the country over time. (correct)
- To illustrate the impact of oil exports on the national economy.
- To compare the production of oil and other natural resources.
Which of the following statements best describes the political system in the country during the time period covered by the text?
Which of the following statements best describes the political system in the country during the time period covered by the text?
What is the primary significance of the statement "the largest loan that any country had ever made" in the text?
What is the primary significance of the statement "the largest loan that any country had ever made" in the text?
What was Echeverria's reaction to the situation in Mexico?
What was Echeverria's reaction to the situation in Mexico?
Which group is mentioned in connection with violence and unrest in Mexico?
Which group is mentioned in connection with violence and unrest in Mexico?
What overarching theme is suggested by the content related to Echeverria and the mentioned events?
What overarching theme is suggested by the content related to Echeverria and the mentioned events?
What actions did the Movimiento Armado Revolucionario engage in?
What actions did the Movimiento Armado Revolucionario engage in?
What effect did the unrest have on Mexico's political landscape, as suggested by the content?
What effect did the unrest have on Mexico's political landscape, as suggested by the content?
What was the primary cause of the Mexican peso's decline?
What was the primary cause of the Mexican peso's decline?
How did the government's response to the peso's decline affect the economy?
How did the government's response to the peso's decline affect the economy?
What was the main argument of Lopez Portillo towards the private banks?
What was the main argument of Lopez Portillo towards the private banks?
What was the outcome of the government's nationalization of banks?
What was the outcome of the government's nationalization of banks?
What was the greatest mistake made by Lopez Portillo in his handling of the economic crisis?
What was the greatest mistake made by Lopez Portillo in his handling of the economic crisis?
Flashcards
One-Party System
One-Party System
A political system where a single party controls the government, limiting opposition.
Economic Turmoil in Central America
Economic Turmoil in Central America
A period of economic instability and challenges faced by Central American countries.
Agricultural Improvement Program
Agricultural Improvement Program
An initiative aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity to improve living standards.
Undocumented Workers
Undocumented Workers
Individuals working without legal permission or documentation in a country.
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US Loans to Latin America
US Loans to Latin America
Financial support from the US given to Latin American countries for economic programs.
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Economic Crisis in Mexico
Economic Crisis in Mexico
A situation where the Mexican economy faced severe inflation and devaluation of the peso during López Portillo's administration.
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López Portillo's Measures
López Portillo's Measures
The actions taken by President López Portillo to control the economic crisis, including nationalizing banks and buying dollars.
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Peso Devaluation
Peso Devaluation
The significant decrease in the value of the peso against the dollar, from 20 to 100 pesos per dollar.
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Flight of Capital
Flight of Capital
The trend of Mexican businessmen investing abroad due to lack of confidence in the national economy.
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Oil Miracle to Oil Nightmare
Oil Miracle to Oil Nightmare
The transition from economic prosperity during oil boom to crisis due to mismanagement, particularly under López Portillo's governance.
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Movimiento Armado Revolucionario
Movimiento Armado Revolucionario
A revolutionary movement in Mexico advocating for social change and justice.
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Political Dynamics
Political Dynamics
The interactions, power struggles, and relationships among political entities.
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Civil Discontent
Civil Discontent
Public dissatisfaction with government policies or social conditions.
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Revolutionary Robberies
Revolutionary Robberies
The acts of theft committed by revolutionary groups to fund their causes.
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Political Representation
Political Representation
The act of speaking or acting on behalf of the interests of a group in government.
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Failures of Development in the One-Party State
- Luis Echeverría's presidency (1970-1976) faced political challenges
- Echeverría's campaign lacked public appeal despite vigorous efforts to connect with people
- Echeverría sought populist image, engaging with rural and urban communities
- Initiatives emphasized rural infrastructure, like roads and electricity, to address rural needs
- His economic policies tried to offset inflation, with new taxes on luxury goods
- Birth control was cautiously supported, contrasting with previous lack of concern
- Student prisoners were released, but student protests were harshly suppressed
- Violence, including bank robberies, arose from revolutionary groups
- Political and economic instability continued through this time period
- Guerrilla movements in Guerrero, rooted in campesino protests and land issues
- Violence escalated, leading to the killing of leaders and conflict
- The government's response was heavy-handed, utilizing excessive force against rebels
- Echeverría's administration faced criticism for its handling of the social and political issues of this time
José López Portillo, 1976-1982
- Challenges marked López Portillo's presidency, despite optimistic initial views
- Economic difficulties and political instability persisted
- The country experienced an economic crisis due to complex issues like oil prices, inflation, and international pressures
- A significant portion of Mexico’s workforce had limited opportunities
- Petroleum discovered in Mexico provided economic opportunities, but also risks
- Petroleum production increased throughout his presidency, but the economic instability could not be overcome
- His administration saw an increase in spending in social welfare programs and public infrastructure
- The Mexican government faced internal and external economic challenges
- Significant increase in Mexico's oil production during his term
- This resulted in increased spending, creating greater economic pressures and challenges
- Nationalization of banks in 1982
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