Political Changes During the Industrial Revolution

Changes in the Political Field

• The industrial revolution led to the emergence of a wealthy class and an underprivileged class, resulting in exploitation and clashes between the two.
• Labour unions, boycotts, and struggles for rights emerged as a response to the poor living conditions of labourers.
• The expansion of political beliefs such as socialism and liberalism resulted from this situation.

Economic Changes

• Adam Smith's concept of "laissez-faire" led to the expansion of capitalism worldwide.
• The need for cheap raw materials and higher prices led to the competition for colonies among European countries.
• This new imperialism, known as neo-imperialism, contributed to the outbreak of World War I.

Social Changes

• Labourers came together as unions to demand higher salaries, reduced working hours, and better facilities.
• Governments had to impose laws for the social and economic welfare of the working class.
• Environmental pollution became a significant issue due to the industrial revolution, with contaminated water sources and harmful fumes.

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Sri Lanka

• The industrial revolution led to the production of new fertilizers, such as Guano Fertilizers, and agrochemicals.
• Modern transport methods and storage facilities enabled the production of agricultural and animal products at a cheaper price.
• The demand for agro products increased as a result.

Expansion to Other Countries

• The industrial revolution spread from Britain to other European countries, and later to Asia, America, and Africa.
• Reasons for the spread include the increase in demand for goods, development of travel and transport, and the discovery of coal in France and Germany.
• Other countries developed their production using machines, leading to the emergence of industrial centers in areas with access to markets and raw materials.