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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of policy formation?
What is the primary focus of policy formation?
Which factor is NOT directly mentioned as affecting the policy formation process?
Which factor is NOT directly mentioned as affecting the policy formation process?
Which section of a bill includes the rationale for the legislation?
Which section of a bill includes the rationale for the legislation?
What does Section 4 of a bill typically contain?
What does Section 4 of a bill typically contain?
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Policy formulation is best described as which of the following?
Policy formulation is best described as which of the following?
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What is a key aspect of policy formation that distinguishes it from policy formulation?
What is a key aspect of policy formation that distinguishes it from policy formulation?
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What is the primary economic problem of forest policy?
What is the primary economic problem of forest policy?
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Which part of a bill addresses constitutionality concerns?
Which part of a bill addresses constitutionality concerns?
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What does benefit-cost analysis indicate regarding an activity?
What does benefit-cost analysis indicate regarding an activity?
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding the policy formation process?
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the policy formation process?
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Which of the following is an assumption of economic criteria in forest policy?
Which of the following is an assumption of economic criteria in forest policy?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a social criterion proposed by Dahl?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a social criterion proposed by Dahl?
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What does the concept of 'freedom' refer to in the context of social criteria?
What does the concept of 'freedom' refer to in the context of social criteria?
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Which of the following reflects a misunderstanding of external economics?
Which of the following reflects a misunderstanding of external economics?
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How does the dynamic response model of a political system relate to forest policy evaluation?
How does the dynamic response model of a political system relate to forest policy evaluation?
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Which statement best describes 'subjective equality' in policy making?
Which statement best describes 'subjective equality' in policy making?
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What action is taken if public hearings are deemed necessary by the Committee?
What action is taken if public hearings are deemed necessary by the Committee?
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What might happen if no public hearing is needed for the legislation?
What might happen if no public hearing is needed for the legislation?
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Which aspect can lead to inadequate assessment during policy implementation?
Which aspect can lead to inadequate assessment during policy implementation?
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What leads to overgeneralization in policy making?
What leads to overgeneralization in policy making?
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What is an important feature that the Committee must ensure during policy formulation?
What is an important feature that the Committee must ensure during policy formulation?
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What action does the Committee take after public hearings or Committee discussions?
What action does the Committee take after public hearings or Committee discussions?
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How does the Committee handle success stories and best practices?
How does the Committee handle success stories and best practices?
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What step follows the approval of the committee report by the Committee?
What step follows the approval of the committee report by the Committee?
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What was the purpose of HB No. 10042?
What was the purpose of HB No. 10042?
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Which bill was substituted by SB 1247?
Which bill was substituted by SB 1247?
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When was the Bicameral Conference Committee formed for the first mentioned bills?
When was the Bicameral Conference Committee formed for the first mentioned bills?
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What was the outcome of HB No. 22401?
What was the outcome of HB No. 22401?
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Which Congress was associated with the approval of HB No. 8931?
Which Congress was associated with the approval of HB No. 8931?
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Who sponsored HB No. 8931?
Who sponsored HB No. 8931?
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Which of these bills aimed to ban all commercial logging operations?
Which of these bills aimed to ban all commercial logging operations?
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What was a significant event that occurred on 18 March 1993?
What was a significant event that occurred on 18 March 1993?
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What is the initial step in the policy formulation process?
What is the initial step in the policy formulation process?
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What is a common tactic used by interest groups during the legislative process?
What is a common tactic used by interest groups during the legislative process?
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What happens to a bill after its first reading in the legislative process?
What happens to a bill after its first reading in the legislative process?
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Which group typically plays a significant role in influencing the support of legislation?
Which group typically plays a significant role in influencing the support of legislation?
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What may occur to a bill during the committee stage?
What may occur to a bill during the committee stage?
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What is the role of lobbyists in the legislative process?
What is the role of lobbyists in the legislative process?
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Why might legislators introduce bills that are not intended to become law?
Why might legislators introduce bills that are not intended to become law?
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What characterizes the most active lobbying stage of the legislation process?
What characterizes the most active lobbying stage of the legislation process?
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Study Notes
Policy Formation
- The process of how policies are created.
- Includes decisions before an official policy statement is made.
- Includes policy changes that occur even without a formal policy change.
- Influenced by factors like the price mechanism, authority figures, political processes, and bargaining.
Parts of Policy in the Philippines (RA 9175)
- Typically involves many people and decisions.
- Accumulated effects lead to policy formation and reform.
- Continually refined to modify existing policies
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Explanatory Note:
- Explains the rationale and importance of the bill.
- Includes "Whereas" clauses summarizing key points.
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Section 1: Short Title:
- Gives a brief name to the bill (e.g., NIPAS Law).
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Section 2: Declaration of Policy:
- Outlines the legal basis of the policy.
- Addresses the policy's relevance.
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Section 3: Definition of Terms:
- Defines key terminology within the bill.
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Section 4: Body of the Bill:
- Outlines general principles of the policy.
- Specific details are implemented through the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).
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Section 13: Separability Clause:
- Ensures that if any part of the Act is deemed unconstitutional, the remaining parts remain valid.
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Section 14: Change will increase total welfare.
- Outlines the expected impact of the policy.
Policy Formation - Economic Criteria
- Focuses on allocating resources efficiently.
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Benefit-Cost Analysis:
- Projects should only be undertaken if benefits outweigh total costs.
- Accounts for external economic impacts (benefits or costs outside immediate participants).
- Considers the potential for secondary benefits (additional values beyond direct products/services).
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Challenges in Measurement:
- Difficulty in converting all value into quantifiable units.
- Measuring intangible benefits (e.g., biodiversity).
- Inadequate data on land capability/use systems.
- Limited cross-sectoral consultation during implementation.
- Weak monitoring and evaluation systems.
- Lack of information on success stories, lessons learned, and best practices.
- Insufficient pathways for sharing information.
- Insensitivity to cultural and traditional values during policy formulation.
- Corruption and illegal activities.
- Frequent policy changes.
Policy Formation - Other Social Criteria
- Focuses on factors beyond economic gain.
- Includes criteria like:
- Freedom: Absence of obstacles to fulfilling desires.
- Democracy: Shared control of government with equal representation.
- Subjective Equality: Opportunities for achieving goals.
Policy Formation Process - Dynamic Response Model
- Represents the political system's response to policy proposals.
- Initiated by legislators, constituents, interest groups, etc.
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First Reading:
- Introduced as a bill and assigned a number.
- Sent to relevant committee based on subject matter.
- Potential for rejection, amendment, or passage.
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Committee Stage:
- Interest group members and lobbyists provide input.
- Testimony at hearings to advocate for interests.
- Public statements and commentary on the bill.
- Lobbyists may influence the drafting process.
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Second Reading:
- Debate and potential amendment of the bill.
- Vote on the bill’s merits.
- Continued lobbying influence.
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Third Reading:
- Final vote on the bill.
- Passage signals the bill's transition to a law after presidential approval.
Politics of Policy Formulation
- Interest groups advocate for legislation, often drafting sample bills.
- Lobbyists play a key role in providing information and analysis to legislative aides.
- Lobbyists may assist in drafting bills.
- Party politics influences support for legislation.
- Legislators exchange votes and favors to influence decisions.
- Lobbying is most active during the legislative process.
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Description
This quiz covers the intricacies of policy formation in the Philippines, particularly focusing on RA 9175. It discusses the processes involved in creating and modifying policies, as well as the importance of explanatory notes and declarations within the legislative framework. Test your understanding of how policies are shaped and the factors influencing their development.
