Slide 2- Notes quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key justification for dealing with policing of individuals with mental illness?

To reduce crime rates

Public order (correct)

To provide mental health services

Public safety (correct)

According to the content, the "critical/conflict" theoretical approach in policing is known to be influenced by what ideology?

Liberalism

Conservatism

Marxism (correct)

Socialism

What is the main argument behind the increase in private security guards?

A shift towards privatization and an increase in demand for security services has occurred since the 1970s. (correct)

Private security guards are cheaper to hire than public officers.

Private security guards are more effective at preventing crime.

Private security guards are better at dealing with mental health crises.

What is a key difference between the "consensus" and "critical/conflict" theoretical approaches to policing?

The consensus approach aims to maintain social order, while the critical/conflict approach questions whose interests are served by law enforcement. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why violent crimes involving individuals with mental illness receive greater media attention?

The unpredictability associated with these crimes and stigma surrounding mental illness. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increase in private security guards as opposed to public officers?

The shift towards privatization has led to an increased reliance on private security services, especially since the 1970s. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of "zero-tolerance" policing policies mentioned in the content?

It inadvertently harms marginalized groups, contributing to racial disparities in arrests and incarceration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of "police culture" as described in the content?

A hierarchical structure and a distinct set of values and beliefs separate from the general public. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical context that led to mental illness becoming a 'police property'?

The rise of homelessness and substance abuse, particularly in 'skid row' areas. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the method of gathering information for understanding mental illness policing through interviews and close observation?

Ethnography (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is "institutional racism" as presented in the content?

A system of policies and practices that disproportionately disadvantage people of color. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about "institutional racism" as per the content?

It implies that all police officers are racist. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What's the primary reason for the police being the 'coercive arm' in dealing with individuals with mental illness?

The pressure to maintain public order and safety, often requiring immediate intervention. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of 'de-institutionalization' in the context of mental health care?

The shift toward community-based mental health services. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main takeaway regarding the use of violence in policing?

Police are the only authorized actors allowed to use violence in our society, and this contributes to the exclusion of women and minorities in the profession. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to understanding the concept of institutional racism as described in the content?

Examine the policies and practices that shape outcomes in the criminal justice system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the police's role in society being questioned by people?

People are becoming increasingly critical of the police's role in society due to issues such as police brutality. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN form of evidence used in criminal investigations?

Witness testimonies and information provided by individuals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a significant factor contributing to the vulnerability of suspects?

The presence of police surveillance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the Reid technique contribute to wrongful convictions?

It relies heavily on reading behavioral cues and body language, which can be unreliable in determining guilt. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected the police?

It has increased awareness of police officers' role within society and instilled a sense of anxiety among some. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does police deviance and criminality manifest itself?

Police officers are often exempt from certain disciplinary actions because of their power and authority. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant issue contributing to the lack of credibility in police investigations?

Police frequently use unreliable and unethical interrogation tactics to obtain confessions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What two stages are involved in the Reid technique?

Identifying the suspect through observation and questioning, then obtaining a confession through psychological manipulation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups were considered "police property" in the early days of policing?

People engaging in sex work (A), People with mental illness (B), People who are protesting (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key reason for the opposition to Peel's proposal for a police force?

Fear that the police would become too powerful. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of policing in early Canada?

Maintaining order and preventing major unrest. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the visibility of police officers contribute to their legitimacy?

It creates a sense of security and public trust in the police. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the paramilitary model of policing, exemplified by the RCMP?

Strong emphasis on military-style training and recruitment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between municipal police forces and the RCMP in Canada?

Municipal police forces operate within specific city limits, while the RCMP has jurisdiction across the country. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "high policing" refer to?

Policing that involves the management of large protests and social movements. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of having an invisible police force?

Erosion of public trust and legitimacy in the police. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of the moral panic perspective?

It oversimplifies how the media functions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Bloody Code' ?

It failed to deter crime and was ultimately replaced. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a criticism of police interrogation tactics?

Police are often biased in their investigations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the creation of police forces in England?

To enforce strict moral codes and public order. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'legitimacy' in the context of policing?

Public acceptance that the police have the right to exist and play their role in society. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'tunnel vision' affect police investigations?

It can lead police to ignore or dismiss evidence that contradicts their initial theory. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea behind the 'Riot Act'?

It allows for the use of deadly force to suppress riots and public disorder. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main takeaway from the content regarding modern policing?

Police forces have evolved from a focus on protecting the wealthy to maintaining public order. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

PRIVATIZATION AND PLURALIZATION

A significant shift in policing occurred since the 1970s, marked by the growth of private policing.
The number of private security guards now exceeds public officers.
Private security guards have limitations; they cannot use force and have higher legal liabilities compared to public officers.

POLICING MENTAL HEALTH

Most violent crimes are committed by individuals known to the victim, not strangers experiencing mental crises.
Violent crimes involving people with mental illnesses receive greater media attention, possibly due to unpredictability.
The unpredictability of these events leads to both wanting to understand and fear surrounding mental health and related crimes.
Police often deal with groups experiencing mental health or substance misuse issues.

DE-INSTITUTIONALIZATION

The 1970s saw a shift in the treatment of individuals with mental illnesses, with the closure of mental institutions.
This led to an increase in the problems police had to address.

DEALING WITH PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES

Public safety is a key justification for police interactions, encompassing preventing harm to oneself and others.
Maintaining a sense of order within public spaces.
Crime is another justification, encompassing managing situations where crime is committed.

POLICING AND ZERO TOLERANCE

Zero tolerance policing policies aimed to reduce crime.
While crime rates fell in some cities that implemented these policies, other measures might have played a role.
These policies often disproportionately impacted marginalized groups.

POLICE CULTURE

Police forces have their own cultures, separate from wider society.
A bureaucracy with hierarchy and roles.
Historically, policing was seen as an occupation dominated by men.
Violence is unique to police.

INSTITUTIONAL RACISM

Racism exists within institutions, not only amongst individuals.
Institutional bias may manifest as disparate sentencing outcomes for different groups.

POLICE DEVIANCE AND CRIMINALITY

Their power and authority grants them many opportunities to engage in misconduct and be exempt from punishment
Investigative processes often rely on testimonies and confessions for confirmation.

VISIBILITY AND LEGITIMACY

Police are increasingly subject to public scrutiny due to readily available cameras.
The legitimacy of police forces is influenced by various factors, including public perception.
The relationship between police and the public is affected by several factors, with increasing public scrutiny impacting this.

HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND CONTINUITIES

The term "police" has evolved, originating from Greek political systems to current policing models.
Modern policing emerged in the 20th century to address public order concerns.
Policing's historical roots trace its foundations but is not "new" in terms of controlling people.

MODERN POLICING

Early 20th-century policing emphasized addressing crime and wrongdoing, with police forces created specifically for this purpose.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Legitimacy in policing (when people understand and accept the existence and actions of the police).
A critique of policing in terms of its historical origins and impacts on society with legitimacy/de-legitimation.

UNENVEN POLICING

Policing often unevenly addresses issues and often focuses on specific problematic behaviors or groups.
Historically, this uneven application affected marginalized groups, such as people with mental illnesses, immigrants, and indigenous populations.

PROTEST/PUBLIC ORDER POLICING

Historically, police officers have been tasked with managing and responding to protests, demonstrating the role of police in public order maintenance.
Policing varies across contexts; different types of policing occur depending on the context.
The concept of policing in terms of different circumstances.

POLICING CANADA

The Mounties have historically been a prominent symbol of Canadian policing.
There were two main types of policing in Canada in the 1800s (municipal and federal).
The role of municipal police forces is to serve and protect within a specific geographic area.

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Description

Explore the complex relationship between policing and mental health through a historical lens. This quiz examines the rise of private security, the media's portrayal of mentally ill individuals in violent crimes, and the impact of de-institutionalization on public safety. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact within modern law enforcement.