Private Pilot Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the four forces acting on an airplane in flight?

Lift, Weight, Thrust, and Drag (correct)

Gravity, Thrust

Lift, Drag

Thrust, Weight

The four forces that act on an airplane are in equilibrium during unaccelerated flight.

True

What is the angle A in figure 1 referred to?

Angle of attack

What is the angle of attack?

The angle between the chord line of the wing and the relative wind speed Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?

Lift equals weight and thrust equals drag Signup and view all the answers

One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to:

Increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of wing flaps?

To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed Signup and view all the answers

The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls changes based on gross weight.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is Ground Effect?

The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane Signup and view all the answers

When is floating caused by ground effect most realized during an approach to land?

Less than the length of the wingspan above the surface Signup and view all the answers

What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?

Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating Signup and view all the answers

What problem can ground effect cause?

Becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed Signup and view all the answers

Which statement relates to Bernoulli's principle?

Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind known as?

Angle of attack Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft's?

Aerodynamic balance and controllability Signup and view all the answers

What does an inherently stable airplane require?

Less effort to control Signup and view all the answers

What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?

The location of CG with respect to the center of lift Signup and view all the answers

What causes an airplane (except T-tail) to pitch nose-down when power is reduced?

The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced Signup and view all the answers

What undesirable flight characteristic may occur if an airplane's CG is located aft of the aft CG limit?

Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition Signup and view all the answers

What effect does loading an airplane to the most aft CG have?

Less stable at all speeds Signup and view all the answers

In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed to spin?

Stalled Signup and view all the answers

During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?

Both wings are stalled Signup and view all the answers

In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack Signup and view all the answers

What causes the left turning tendency of an airplane due to P-factor?

Propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left Signup and view all the answers

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?

When at high angles of attack Signup and view all the answers

If an airplane weighs 2,300 lbs, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 60 degree banked turn?

4,600 lbs Signup and view all the answers

If an airplane weighs 3,300 lbs, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30 degree banked turn?

3,960 lbs Signup and view all the answers

If an airplane weighs 4,500 lbs, what approximate weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 45 degree banked turn?

6,740 lbs Signup and view all the answers

What does the amount of excess load imposed on the wing of an airplane depend on?

Speed of the airplane Signup and view all the answers

Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane compared to straight-and-level flight?

Turns Signup and view all the answers

What force makes an airplane turn?

The horizontal component of lift Signup and view all the answers

During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to:

Stall at a higher airspeed Signup and view all the answers

What are the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft?

Straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Four Forces of Flight

Lift, weight, thrust, and drag are the four forces acting on an airplane during flight.
Forces achieve equilibrium in unaccelerated flight when lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.

Angle of Attack

The angle of attack is the angle between the chord line of a wing and the relative wind.
This angle remains constant regardless of the aircraft's gross weight.

Role of Wing Flaps

Wing flaps increase the angle of descent without a corresponding increase in airspeed, allowing for steeper approaches.
They enable pilots to land without gaining excessive speed.

Ground Effect

Ground effect interferes with airflow patterns around an aircraft, particularly when close to the Earth's surface.
Floating during landing is most pronounced when the aircraft is within one wingspan's length above the ground.
Pilots must be cautious of induced drag reduction during ground effect, which can result in excessive floating.

Bernoulli's Principle

According to Bernoulli's principle, faster airflow over a curved upper airfoil surface produces lower pressure above the wing.

Aircraft Stability

The center of gravity (CG) location in relation to the center of lift determines longitudinal stability; an aft CG can destabilize the aircraft.
Stability affects controllability; an inherently stable airplane requires less effort to control.

Spin Dynamics

A stall is necessary for an airplane to enter a spin; in a left spin, both wings are stalled.
The torque effect, most significant during low airspeed and high power, causes the airplane to pitch down when power is reduced, particularly in non-T-tail designs.

Load Factors and Banking Turns

The required structural support increases during banked turns; example weights include 4,600 lbs during a 60-degree turn for a 2,300 lbs airplane.
Airplane load can increase in turns compared to straight-and-level flight, with a higher load factor resulting in a higher stall speed during an approach to a stall.

Flight Maneuvers

Essential flight fundamentals include straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents.
The horizontal component of lift is the force responsible for turning an airplane.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the four forces of flight with these flashcards from Chapter 3 of the Private Pilot guide. Understand the concepts of lift, weight, thrust, and drag, and learn when these forces are in equilibrium. This quiz will help reinforce key aviation principles essential for private pilots.