Poisoning and Overdose Chapter 22
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a sign of injected toxins?

  • Burns on the skin
  • Chills (correct)
  • Redness
  • Itching

    • What is the first step in emergency medical care for inhaled toxins?

  • Remove the patient from the poisonous environment (correct)
  • Administer activated charcoal
  • Flush the eyes with water
  • Administer CPR

    • Which of the following types of toxins enters the body through a puncture?

  • Ingested
  • Absorbed
  • Inhaled
  • Injected (correct)

    • Which should be done when caring for a patient with absorbed toxins?

    <p>Decontaminate the patient before treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a symptom of injected toxins?

    <p>Redness of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken regarding poison agents when a patient with toxin exposure is transported?

    <p>Bring all containers and labels to the receiving facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During emergency care, which step is essential when the patient is vomiting?

    <p>Turn the patient on their side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toxin can typically be associated with insect bites or stings?

    <p>Injected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing a patient for intoxication, which symptom indicates serious concern?

    <p>Altered mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate first response for a patient exposed to absorbed toxins?

    <p>Decontaminate the area with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a toxin?

    <p>A substance that produces adverse effects when it enters the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of activated charcoal in cases of poisoning?

    <p>It binds to certain poisons and prevents absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of ingested toxins?

    <p>Difficulty breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a type of toxin that can be managed in emergency situations?

    <p>Toxins can be ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the emergency medical care for ingested toxins?

    <p>Removing pills or fragments from the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient vomits after being administered activated charcoal?

    <p>The dose of charcoal should be repeated once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if activated charcoal is to be administered?

    <p>Consult medical direction before administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates exposure to inhaled toxins?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with the use of activated charcoal?

    <p>Black stools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when using different brands of activated charcoal?

    <p>Some brands bind more poison than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important consideration when providing emergency care for poisoning?

    <p>Timing of exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a scene is unsafe during an emergency call for poisoning?

    <p>Wait for the scene to be secured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering activated charcoal, what should be done if the patient takes a long time to drink the medication?

    <p>The liquid should be shaken or stirred again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should emergency medical personnel be prepared for when treating a patient with poisoning?

    <p>The patient may vomit or further deteriorate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a sign of absorbed toxins?

    <p>Chemical burns on skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical component of airway management in cases of poisoning?

    <p>Ensuring the airway is clear and open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would NOT be relevant to ask when assessing a patient for poisoning?

    <p>What is your favorite food?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign might indicate that activated charcoal has been successfully administered?

    <p>Development of black stools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SAMPLE stand for in the context of focused history for poisoning?

    <p>Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading to injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action to take for skin contamination by a toxin?

    <p>Remove contaminated clothing while protecting oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for irrigating a liquid toxin from the eyes?

    <p>Irrigate with clean water away from the affected eye for at least 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary indication for the use of activated charcoal?

    <p>Poisoning by mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a contraindication for administering activated charcoal?

    <p>Altered mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should activated charcoal be properly prepared before administration?

    <p>Shake the container thoroughly to suspend medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual adult dose of activated charcoal?

    <p>25-50 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient cannot swallow activated charcoal?

    <p>Do not give activated charcoal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For how long should a skin contact area be flushed with water if advised?

    <p>20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to monitor during airway management in a patient?

    <p>Patient's airway difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient ingests an alkali?

    <p>Contact medical direction for guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Poisoning and Overdose

    • Chapter 22 covers poisoning and overdose
    • A toxin is any substance that produces adverse effects when it enters the body

    History of Poisoning

    • A focused history and physical exam are crucial
    • Important questions to ask a patient with suspected poisoning, using SAMPLE and OPQRST:
      • What substance?
      • When did they ingest/become exposed?
      • How much was ingested?
      • Over what period?
      • What interventions have been performed?
      • What is their weight?

    Types of Toxins: Ingested

    • Signs and symptoms include:
      • Nausea
      • Vomiting
      • Diarrhea
      • Altered mental status
      • Abdominal pain
      • Chemical burns around the mouth
      • Different breath odors
    • Emergency medical care:
      • Remove ingested pills/tablets/fragments with gloves to avoid injury
      • Consult medical advice for activated charcoal administration
      • Bring containers, bottles, labels, etc. of poison agents to the receiving facility

    Types of Toxins: Inhaled

    • Signs and symptoms include:
      • Difficulty breathing
      • Chest pain
      • Cough
      • Hoarseness
      • Dizziness
      • Headache
      • Confusion
      • Seizures
      • Altered mental status
    • Emergency medical care:
      • Have trained rescuers remove the patient from the poisonous environment.
      • Administer oxygen, if not already done in the initial assessment
      • Bring all containers, bottles, labels, etc. of poison agents to the receiving facility
    • Examples of inhaled toxins: insect bites/stings/insect stings/foods/plants

    Types of Toxins: Injected

    • Poison enters the body through a puncture.
    • Example toxins:
      • Insect bites
      • Spider bites
      • Snake bites
      • Stings/bites of marine animals
      • Injections with syringe and needle
    • Signs and symptoms include:
      • Weakness
      • Dizziness
      • Chills
      • Fever
      • Nausea
      • Vomiting
    • Emergency medical care:
      • Emergency medical care
      • Airway and oxygen
      • Be alert for vomiting
      • Bring all containers, bottles, labels, etc. of poison agents to the receiving facility
    • Specific examples of injected toxins include:
      • Black widow spider
      • Brown recluse spider
      • Jellyfish
      • Sea urchin

    Types of Toxins: Absorbed

    • Signs and symptoms include:
      • History of exposure
      • Liquid or powder on patient's skin
      • Burns
      • Itching
      • Irritation
      • Redness
    • Emergency medical care:
      • Removing contaminated clothing, protecting from further contamination.
      • Brush powder from patient
      • Irrigate affected areas of skin with clean water for at least 20 minutes (and continue en route to the facility if possible).
      • Irrigate affected eye with clean water for at least 20 minutes (and continue en route to the facility if possible).
    • For some substances, flushing with water is best for 20 minutes before transport.

    Airway Management

    • A patient's condition may deteriorate
    • Continue assessing the patient for airway difficulties and manage as learned previously

    Use of Activated Charcoal

    • Medication names include "activated charcoal"
      • Generic: Activated charcoal
      • Trade: SuperChar™, InstaChar™, Actidose™, Liqui-Char™
    • Indications for use: Poisoning by mouth
    • Contraindications:
      • Altered mental status
      • Ingestion of acids or alkalis
      • Unable to swallow
    • Dosage:
      • Adults and children: 1 gram activated charcoal/kg of body weight
      • Usual adult dose: 25-50 grams
      • Usual infant/child dose: 12.5-25 grams
    • Administration techniques:
      • Shake the container thoroughly
      • Pour the liquid into a container
      • Persuade the patient to drink it
      • Shake or stir liquid if settling
    • Mechanism of action: Binds to certain poisons preventing absorption into the body
    • Side effects: Black stools
    • Some patients may vomit; repeat dose if this occurs
    • Reassessment strategies: Be prepared for the patient to vomit or further deteriorate

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 22 Poisoning and Overdose PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the crucial aspects of poisoning and overdose presented in Chapter 22. This quiz covers the identification of toxins, patient history collection, and emergency medical responses. Gain a deeper understanding of the signs, symptoms, and interventions related to poisoning cases.

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