Flow Down Gradient Pre-learning

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Questions and Answers

According to Fick's law, the rate of diffusion depends on which of the following factors?

  • The charge of the substance
  • The size of the substance
  • The temperature of the membrane
  • The solubility of the substance in the membrane (correct)

Which of the following is true about cells specialized for transporting large amounts of solute?

  • They have larger surface area to volume ratio
  • They have smaller surface area to volume ratio
  • They have fewer transporters
  • They have more transporters (correct)

What is the rate of flow of charges across a membrane known as?

  • Potential energy
  • Voltage
  • Current (correct)
  • Resistance

According to Ohm's law, what happens to the current when the resistance increases?

<p>The current decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation does Ohm's law predict a lower resistance?

<p>Many channels and lower voltage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for establishing voltage in a charged particle?

<p>The electric field of the particle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter in Poiseuille's law determines the rate of flow of a fluid through a tube?

<p>Radius of the tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Poiseuille's law, what happens to the flow if the length of the tube increases?

<p>The flow decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viscous fluids?

<p>Viscous fluids are more syrupy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter in Poiseuille's law is directly related to the force that a substance exerts on the walls of its container?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is affected by the difference in hydrostatic pressure between two points in a tube or vessel?

<p>Rate of flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the respiratory tract and the cardiovascular system, flow of gas or blood to tissues is clinically relevant in terms of which unit?

<p>mL/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick's law, which of the following factors affects the flow/flux of substances through capillaries and cell membranes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplified equation that describes flow in Poiseuille's law?

<p>Flow = \DeltaP/R (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a caveat of Poiseuille's law?

<p>Radius of the tube is the most important determinant of resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Fick's law quantify?

<p>Flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that affect the flow/flux according to Fick's law?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does flow change when the concentration gradient decreases according to Fick's law?

<p>Flow decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents Poiseuille's law for fluid flow?

<p>$F = \frac{8 \pi \eta L},{r^2}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents Fick's law for diffusion?

<p>$J = -D \frac{dc},{dx}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents Ohm's law for bioelectricity?

<p>$I = \frac{V},{R}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes flow down gradients?

<p>Flow is measured by the size of the energy gradient between two points. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors resist the flow down gradients in a system?

<p>Energy gradient and resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance down a gradient?

<p>Energy gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical findings is most likely due to vascular changes in Mary's case of diabetes mellitus?

<p>15 seconds capillary refill time on the right great toe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical findings is less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's case of diabetes mellitus?

<p>Inability to distinguish between sharp and dull stimuli over the right foot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of Robert's foot swelling based on his medical history?

<p>NYHA stage II heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of Robert's shortness of breath based on his medical history?

<p>NYHA stage II heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Robert's foot swelling relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?

<p>It is a result of fluid backup in the venous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Robert's shortness of breath relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?

<p>It is a result of impaired cardiac output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick's law, which of the following factors affects the flow/flux of substances through capillaries and cell membranes?

<p>The permeability of the membrane to the charged particle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents Ohm's law for bioelectricity?

<p>$V = I \times R$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance down a gradient?

<p>Concentration gradient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter in Poiseuille's law determines the rate of flow of a fluid through a tube?

<p>Radius of the tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical findings is most likely due to vascular changes in Mary's case of diabetes mellitus?

<p>Numbness and coldness in her feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick's law, the rate of diffusion depends on which of the following factors?

<p>Surface area and thickness of the membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following is the most important determinant of resistance in a tube?

<p>Tube radius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a caveat of Poiseuille's law?

<p>Resistance changes with turbulent flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents Fick's law for diffusion?

<p>$F = k \cdot A(C_A - C_B) / t$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick's law, which of the following factors affects the flow/flux of substances through capillaries and cell membranes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance down a gradient?

<p>Concentration difference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the flow/flux according to Fick's law?

<p>Temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical findings is most likely due to vascular changes in Mary's case of diabetes mellitus?

<p>15 seconds capillary refill time on the right great toe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect(s) of Robert's medical history best explain his foot swelling?

<p>NYHA stage II heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance down a gradient?

<p>Concentration difference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Robert's shortness of breath relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?

<p>It is a result of impaired cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter in Poiseuille's law determines the rate of flow of a fluid through a tube?

<p>Radius of the tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Ohm's law, what happens to the current when the resistance increases?

<p>Current decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations represents Ohm's law?

<p>$I = rac{V}{R}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance down a gradient?

<p>Energy gradient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents Fick's law for diffusion?

<p>$J = -D rac{dC}{dx}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors resist the flow down gradients in a system?

<p>Conductance and resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter in Poiseuille's law determines the rate of flow of a fluid through a tube?

<p>Radius of the tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does flow change when the concentration gradient decreases according to Fick's law?

<p>Flow decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following factors affects the rate of flow of a fluid through a tube?

<p>Radius of the tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rate of flow if the length of the tube increases according to Poiseuille's law?

<p>The rate of flow decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Fick's law, which of the following factors affects the flow/flux of substances through capillaries and cell membranes?

<p>Difference in hydrostatic pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance down a gradient?

<p>Difference in concentration or pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the simplified equation that describes flow in Poiseuille's law?

<p>F = (P1 - P2) * 𝝅 * r^4 * l * 𝝁 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viscous fluids?

<p>Viscous fluids have high viscosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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