30 Questions
Which physicochemical law predicts the membrane potential when it is permeable to more than one substance?
Goldman Field equation
What clinical feature is less likely to be due to vascular changes in a patient with diabetes mellitus?
Inability to distinguish between sharp and dull stimuli in the foot
How many physicochemical laws are in play in the case of Mary?
Two
Which clinical feature in Robert's case best explains his foot swelling?
NYHA stage II heart failure
Which physicochemical law can explain impaired 'forward-flow' in heart failure?
Ohm's law
What is the main cause of impaired 'forward-flow' in heart failure?
Decreased cardiac output
Which physicochemical law predicts the membrane potential when it is permeable to more than one substance?
Goldman Field equation
Which clinical feature in Robert's case best explains his shortness of breath?
NYHA stage II heart failure
How many physicochemical laws are less important in the case of Mary?
Three
What is the main cause of 'fluid backup' in heart failure?
Increased venous return
Which law describes the movement of ions across a membrane considering diffusion and electrostatic forces?
Fick’s law
In which situations are multiple forces acting on the same substance in physiology?
Both A and B
What is the relationship between the forces acting on a substance that pull or push it in opposite directions?
They cancel each other out
Which force is involved in the filtration through a capillary?
Both A and B
What is the substance move in the situations where multiple forces act on it in opposite directions?
It doesn't move
Which law describes the flow of fluid through a tube considering the pressure difference and resistance?
Poiseuille’s law
What are the two forces involved in the distribution of ions across a membrane?
Diffusion and electrostatic forces
What is the substance move in the situations where multiple forces act on it in the same direction?
Towards the force with greater magnitude
Which law describes the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in an electrical circuit?
Ohm’s law
What are the two forces involved in the filtration through a capillary?
Diffusion and hydrostatic pressure
Which forces are responsible for the transport of substances to and from tissues in a capillary?
Hydrostatic pressure and diffusion
What is the simplified equation for the Starling forces?
Flux = Lp Pcap - PISF - sigma pi cap - pi ISF
What does the variable Lp represent in the Starling forces equation?
The leakiness of the capillary wall to water
What does the Nernst equation tell us about the movement of charged particles across a membrane?
Whether the particle moves into or out of the cell
What does the Nernst potential equation account for?
The charge of the particle and the ratio of its concentrations inside and outside the cell
Why is there an unequal distribution of sodium and potassium across the membrane?
Because of the concentration gradient of the particles
Why is it helpful to understand Nernst potentials?
To study the distribution of charged particles
What is the membrane potential of a neuron?
-75 mV
What is the equilibrium potential for potassium (K+)?
-90 mV
Why is the membrane potential of a neuron close to, but not the same, as the equilibrium potential for potassium (K+)?
Because of the distribution of sodium and potassium ions
Test your understanding of physiology concepts related to flow down gradients with this quiz. Explore topics such as Poiseuille's law, Fick's law, and Ohm's law, as well as the combination of forces in various physiological situations.
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