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Pneumonia Pathophysiology Quiz
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Pneumonia Pathophysiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What primarily occurs in the lungs during pneumonia due to infection?

  • Consolidation of lung tissue (correct)
  • Increase in lung elasticity
  • Expansion of lung tissue
  • Inflammation of alveoli only
  • Which of the following organisms is commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

  • *Klebsiella pneumoniae*
  • *MRSA*
  • *Streptococcus pneumoniae* (correct)
  • *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*
  • Which symptom might indicate a severe case of pneumonia?

  • Coughing without sputum
  • Coughing up blood (correct)
  • Chest pain
  • Fatigue
  • What is a common risk factor associated with increased pneumonia susceptibility?

    <p>Weakened immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following CAP symptoms is not typically associated with pneumonia?

    <p>Rash on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the CURB-65 criteria for pneumonia severity, which of these indicates confusion?

    <p>Abbreviated mental test score of less than or equal to 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a direct risk factor for pneumonia?

    <p>Healthy adult lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pathophysiology

    • Infection leads to consolidation of lung tissue, impairing normal gas exchange.
    • Resulting low oxygen levels lead to hypoxia affecting the brain, heart, and tissues.
    • Consequences of severe hypoxia include confusion, coma, heart failure, and potential death.
    • Common causative organisms in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP):
      • Streptococcus pneumoniae (Gram-positive)
      • Staphylococcus aureus
      • Haemophilus influenzae (Gram-negative)
      • Klebsiella pneumoniae
      • Atypical bacteria and viruses may also contribute.
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) often involves:
      • Streptococcus pneumoniae (Gram-positive)
      • Staphylococcus aureus
      • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
      • Haemophilus influenzae (Gram-negative)
      • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Symptoms

    • Clinical manifestations include fever and other systemic symptoms.
    • Chest pain and persistent cough, possibly with blood expectoration.
    • Production of purulent sputum is common.
    • Dyspnoea (shortness of breath) and tachypnoea (rapid, shallow breathing) may occur.
    • Visual signs on radiographic imaging may reveal shadowing in the lungs.
    • Additional symptoms include low blood pressure, rapid pulse, fatigue, and confusion.

    Risk Factors

    • Increased risk in elderly individuals and infants.
    • Children under 10 years old are also vulnerable.
    • Smoking significantly raises the likelihood of developing pneumonia.
    • Individuals with weakened immune systems are at greater risk.
    • Co-morbid conditions such as:
      • Asthma
      • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
      • HIV
      • Diabetes
    • CURB-65/CRB-65 criteria used to assess pneumonia severity:
      • Confusion with a mental test score of ≤8
      • Urea levels >7 mmol/L
      • Respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min
      • Low systolic blood pressure leading to increased risk.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the pathophysiology of pneumonia. This quiz covers the infection process, causative organisms, and the effects of low oxygen levels on the body. Delve into the impact of pneumonia on various body functions and learn about the different types of pneumonia.

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