Pneumonia Pathophysiology and Management
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Pneumonia Pathophysiology and Management

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary location of the infection in pneumonia?

  • Lung Parenchyma
  • Large airways
  • Bronchi
  • Small air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) and the tissues around them (correct)

    • What is the term for pneumonia acquired in hospitals?

  • Community-acquired pneumonia
  • Nosocomial pneumonia (correct)
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia
  • Hospital-acquired infection

    • Which type of pneumonia occurs more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation?

  • Nosocomial pneumonia
  • Hospital-acquired pneumonia
  • Community-acquired pneumonia
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (correct)

    • What is the ranking of pneumonia as a cause of death worldwide?

    <p>Sixth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age group most affected by pneumonia?

    <p>Not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pneumonia acquired in the community?

    <p>Community-acquired pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>To filter out pathogens and foreign particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cilia and mucus in the respiratory tract?

    <p>To remove pathogens from the tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an infectious organism reaching the alveoli?

    <p>The production of exudate that fills alveolar spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication that can occur in up to 40% of cases of pneumonia?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the inflammatory response in the lungs?

    <p>Reduced gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of pulmonary oedema on lung function?

    <p>It impairs lung expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in deciding whether to treat a patient with pneumonia at home or in the hospital?

    <p>Ability to maintain hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of elevating the head of the bed at a 30 to 45 degree angle in patients on mechanical ventilation?

    <p>To reduce the risk of VAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of improvement in a patient with pneumonia?

    <p>Resolution of fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine offers protection against pneumonia in young children?

    <p>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nutritional feeding through a post-pyloric opening?

    <p>To bypass the possibility of regurgitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of pneumonia that may require tube placement?

    <p>Empyema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of falling oxygen and rising carbon dioxide levels on the body?

    <p>Increased heart rate and increased respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Empyema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of bronchitis?

    <p>Inflammation of the bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is at increased risk for developing pneumonia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the infection of the alveoli?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for developing respiratory failure?

    <p>Chronic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of conducting sputum Gram’s stain and culture in patients with pneumonia?

    <p>To identify the causative organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to start antibiotics timely in patients with bacterial pneumonia?

    <p>To prevent complications and improve patient outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting bronchoscopy in patients with pneumonia?

    <p>To assess the need for resistance to HAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of monitoring pulse oximetry and/or ABGs in patients with pneumonia?

    <p>To monitor for respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of preventive measures against HAP?

    <p>To minimize the risk of aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of monitoring for expected improvements in patients with pneumonia?

    <p>To assess the patient's response to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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