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Questions and Answers
What is a critical reason for admitting a child with suspected upper respiratory tract infection?
What is a critical reason for admitting a child with suspected upper respiratory tract infection?
- Presence of a cough
- Mild respiratory distress
- Fever above 38°C
- Tenderness behind the ear (correct)
Which factor contributes to the high mortality rate from pneumonia in children under five?
Which factor contributes to the high mortality rate from pneumonia in children under five?
- Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi (correct)
- Most cases are resolved without treatment
- Low incidence of respiratory symptoms
- Bacterial infections are rare
Which of the following signs are associated with pneumonia in children?
Which of the following signs are associated with pneumonia in children?
- Skin rash and fever
- Mild headache and lethargy
- Cough and cyanosis (correct)
- Abdominal pain and diarrhea
What percentage of deaths in children under five in 2017 was attributed to pneumonia?
What percentage of deaths in children under five in 2017 was attributed to pneumonia?
Which of the following is NOT a physical examination finding in pneumonia?
Which of the following is NOT a physical examination finding in pneumonia?
What condition may require hospital admission if an infant shows tenderness behind the ear?
What condition may require hospital admission if an infant shows tenderness behind the ear?
Which of the following is a common symptom indicative of pneumonia in children?
Which of the following is a common symptom indicative of pneumonia in children?
Which statement correctly describes the impact of pneumonia on child mortality?
Which statement correctly describes the impact of pneumonia on child mortality?
What condition is classified as a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)?
What condition is classified as a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)?
Which of the following is a physical examination finding associated with respiratory distress in pneumonia?
Which of the following is a physical examination finding associated with respiratory distress in pneumonia?
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Study Notes
Hospital admission criteria for URTIs
- Hospital admission is recommended for children with:
- Time-critical ABCD criteria
- Diminished fluid intake
- Tenderness behind the ear (possible mastoiditis)
- Any respiratory compromise
- All children under two years old
Pneumonia
- Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection
- Caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi
- Pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old
- Pneumonia killed 808,694 children globally in 2017
- Consolidation on x-ray is a sign of pneumonia
Signs and Symptoms
- Signs and symptoms include:
- Cough
- Fever
- Tachypnoea
- Nasal flaring
- Chest indrawing
- Cyanosis
- Physical examination can reveal:
- Crackles, absent breath sounds
- Respiratory distress
- Reduced oxygen saturations
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)
- Hospital admission criteria for URTIs in children includes:
- Time-critical ABCD criteria
- Diminished fluid intake
- Tenderness behind the ear (possible mastoiditis)
- Respiratory compromise
- All children under two years old
Pneumonia / LRTIs
- Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
- Pneumonia is responsible for 15% of all deaths in children under 5 years old (globally).
- In 2017, pneumonia caused 808,694 deaths in children globally.
- Common signs and symptoms of pneumonia include:
- Cough
- Fever
- Tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
- Nasal flaring
- Chest indrawing
- Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels)
- Physical examination findings may reveal:
- Crackles or absent breath sounds
- Respiratory distress
- Reduced oxygen saturation levels
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