PNA 200 Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

  • To supply blood to the heart muscle itself. (correct)
  • To facilitate the exchange of gases in the heart.
  • To supply blood directly to the lungs.
  • To connect the heart to the arteries of the body.

    • Which statement about the cardiac veins is correct?

  • They drain deoxygenated blood into the coronary sinus. (correct)
  • They branch off from the mitral valve.
  • They merge to form the aorta.
  • They supply oxygenated blood to the heart.

    • Which of the following structures is filled with blood during the simultaneous phases of a heartbeat?

  • Left atrium and the left ventricle. (correct)
  • Right atrium and the left ventricle.
  • Right ventricle and the pulmonary valve.
  • Right atrium and the pulmonary artery.

    • What is the function of the tricuspid valve in the heart?

    <p>To connect the right atrium to the right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the left ventricle?

    <p>Anterior descending artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of heart valves?

    <p>Preventing backward flow of blood in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition specifically refers to a valve being missing?

    <p>Atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes regurgitation in heart valves?

    <p>Leaflets not closing properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of heart valve problems?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can contribute to heart valve problems?

    <p>Congenital heart defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about heart murmurs?

    <p>Innocent murmurs can occur with normal heart function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stenosis in heart valves refer to?

    <p>Thickening or stiffening of valve leaflets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which underlying condition can affect heart valve function?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the heart located in the human body?

    <p>In the mediastinum between the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of pericardium?

    <p>Fibrous and serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure that separates the atria in the heart?

    <p>Interatrial septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is primarily responsible for contracting and pumping blood?

    <p>Myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fluid is secreted by the serous pericardium to lubricate the heart?

    <p>Pericardial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape and approximate size of the heart?

    <p>Size of a closed fist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ventricles in the heart?

    <p>Pump blood to the lungs and body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chambers of the heart are known as the upper chambers?

    <p>Atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the right side of the heart?

    <p>Pumps blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure allows the heart valves to function correctly?

    <p>Chordae tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue makes up the epicardium?

    <p>Squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the left atrium from the right atrium?

    <p>It has thicker walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the ventricular walls?

    <p>They are highly muscular and larger compared to atrial walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of semilunar valves in the heart?

    <p>Prevent backflow into the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for receiving blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    PNA 200 Cardiovascular System

    • The cardiovascular system is sometimes called the circulatory system
    • It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic system
    • It's a network for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and removing waste products
    • It carries hormones, gases, products of digestion, and immune cells.

    Heart as a Metaphor

    • The heart is a metaphor for love and courage
    • "Heart attack" describes surprise or shock
    • Blood is described as running hot or cold in speech and poetry
    • Emotions are more about hormones than the heart muscle

    Heart Structure

    • The heart is surrounded by a sac, the pericardium
    • The pericardium has two layers: fibrous and serous
    • The wall has three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

    Four Chambers

    • The heart has four chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles
    • Atria receive blood and pump it into the ventricles
    • The ventricles pump blood out of the heart

    Heart Valves

    • The heart has 4 valves
    • 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and mitral)
    • 2 semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic)
    • The valves allow one-way blood flow
    • Pressure changes cause the valves to open and close.

    Double Duty

    • The heart has two pumps: right and left
    • The right side pumps blood to the lungs
    • The left side pumps blood to the rest of the body

    Location

    • The heart is about the size of a closed fist
    • It's located beneath the sternum, in the mediastinum, between the lungs
    • The heart rests obliquely, with the apex (pointed end) pointing towards the lower left, and the top part to the upper right
    • Apex is the point of maximal impulse (where heart sounds are loudest)

    Coronary Arteries

    • Two major coronary arteries supply blood to the heart
    • These branch off the aorta
    • Branches carry blood to the left and right sides of the heart

    Cardiac Veins

    • They usually lie alongside the coronary arteries and their branches
    • The left and right cardiac venous systems collect deoxygenated blood
    • The venae cordis minimae drain the heart muscle directly to the heart chambers

    Conditions and Disorders

    • Heart valve problems might cause the heart to work harder
    • Several factors can cause heart valve conditions, such as aging, birth defects, infections, or underlying conditions like diabetes
    • Different types of heart valve problems include: regurgitation (leaky valves), stenosis (stiff valves), prolapse (floppy valve leaflet) or atresia (missing valve).

    Heart Beat

    • Blood flows into the right atrium from the vena cava, passing through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
    • Then blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery
    • Meanwhile, blood fills the left atrium from pulmonary veins
    • Then blood passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle
    • Finally, blood exits through the aortic valve to the aorta.

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    Related Documents

    PNA 200 Cardiovascular System PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the cardiovascular system in this quiz, including its structure, function, and the heart as a metaphor in language. Delve into the heart's anatomy, the significance of its four chambers, and the roles of various valves. Understand how the heart connects to broader themes of emotion and health.

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