PMP201 - Antibiotics Class & Mechanisms Part 3

<p>Dihydrofolate reductase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulphonamides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterias sintetisa acido folicoเอง (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aminoglycosides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>St_annotation acida (A), Marcage fluorescent de auramina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rifampicina, Isoniazida, Pyrazinamida, Ethambutol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rico in acidos mycolicos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muralla celular robuste e hydrophobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generar radicales libere in bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discoloration de fluidos corporale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Porfirias acute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protozoos e anaerobes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radicales nitroso instables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permititir le reduction de metronidazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inducter le cytochrome P450 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fragmentation del DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistencia croissante (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterias anaerobes e protozoos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocking de la sintese de acido folico (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection de tracto urinar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deficientia de folato (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Targeting de topoisomerases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation de defectos de tubo neural (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition de la transcription de RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pazientes con discrasia sanguinee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alteration de renal function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predisposition a deficientia de folato (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gyrase de ADN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram + e Gram - (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciprofloxacin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition de la RNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storia de dano de tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolongation del intervalo QT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desarrollo de resistencia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levofloxacin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Un antimicrobian que es activate per reducer, resultante in radicale libere (ROS) que causa fragmentation de DNA in bacterias.

Un antimicrobian in le classe de nitroimidazoles que es usate pro tracta infectiones anaerobic e eradication de H.pylori.

Le mechanism de action del nitroimidazoles implica reducer e crear radicale libere (ROS) que causa fragmentation de DNA.

Le specie active del nitroimidazoles, formate per reducer, que causa fragmentation de DNA.

Un producto del action de radicales libere (ROS) que conduce a le morte del bacteria.

Un effect del nitroimidazoles que resulta in le morte del bacteria.

Categoria specific de organismos que es sensibile a nitroimidazoles.

Un factor que determina si nitroimidazoles es activate e effective.

Un condition que impede le activation de nitroimidazoles.

Un uso clinic de nitroimidazoles, specific pro tracta infectiones anaerobic e eradicar H.pylori.

Un classe de antibioticos que bloca le translocation del ribosomas, un passo crucial in le processo de traduction del proteina.

Un classe de antibioticos que bloca le initiation del traduction, le prime passo in le processo de traduction de proteina.

Un classe de antibioticos que bloca le attachment de tRNA al sitio A del ribosomo, un passo crucial in le processo de traduction del proteina.

Un classe de antibioticos que causa le mRNA a esser mal-legit, resultante in le production de proteinas defective o premature.

Un classe de antibioticos que inhibi le vias metabolic in bacterios sin afectar le cellulas eucaryotic, resultante in un toxicitate selective.

Un classe de antibioticos que inhibi le synthese del acido folic, un componente essential pro le production del nucleotidos in bacterios.

Un classe de antibioticos que compete con PABA, un precursor necessari pro le synthese del acido folic in bacterios.

Sulfamethoxazole e trimethoprim es un combination de duo antibioticos que bloque le synthesize de acido folic in bacteria. Iste methodo es plus efficace que usar solmente un antibiotico perque le duo drogas travala in duo different passos del processo, facente le combination plus potente.

Le action del duo antibioticos in co-trimoxazole es synergic, significante que le effecto combinate es plus grande que le summa del duo effectos individual. In altere parolas, le duo drogas travala insimul pro attinger un effecto plus potente.

Co-trimoxazole es bacteriostatic, significante que is bloque le crescimento del bacteria, ma non neca le.

Co-trimoxazole es effective contra un varie de bacteria Gram-positive e Gram-negative.

Co-trimoxazole es frequentemente usate pro tractar infectiones del vias urinarie (UTIs), prostatitis, e pneumonia causate per Pneumocystis jirovecii, specialmente in patientes con le immune system debil.

Un del major effectos lateral de co-trimoxazole es le risco de deficiente de acido folic, que pote causar problemas de sanitate, specialmente durante graviditate. In addition, co-trimoxazole pote causar nivellos alte de potassium in le sanguine, que pote esser periculose pro patientes con problemas renal.

Co-trimoxazole non es recommendate pro usar durante le prime trimestre de graviditate e in patientes con problemas de sanguine. Le uso de co-trimoxazole debe esser caute in patientes con porphyria acute, ancianos, neonates, e un predisposition a deficiente de acido folic.

Fluoroquinolones es un classe de antibioticos que bloque le replication de DNA per inhibir le function de topoisomerases, enzymes essential pro le replication de DNA.

Rifamycins es un classe de antibioticos que bloque le transcription de DNA in RNA per inhibir le function de RNA polymerase, le enzyme que catalysa ille processo.

Le Mycobacteriumes pote etiam reproducer se intra un macrophage e lo occider.

Le tinction acido-resistente es usate pro identificar le Mycobacteriumes. Le parietes cellular de Mycobacteriumes es ric in lipidos e resiste le decoloration con acido.

Le parietes cellular de Mycobacteriumes es un objectivo therapeutic pro le tractamento de infectiones per Mycobacteriumes.

Le tractamento de tuberculose (TB) implica un combination de medicamentos pro reducer le risc de resistentia al medicamentos. Le medicamentos de prime linea include rifampicina, isoniazide, pyrazinamide e ethambutol. Le tractamento require un supervision stricte pro garantir que le patientes prene le medicamentos como prescribe.

Le resistentia al medicamentos es un problema crescente in le tractamento de TB. Le tuberculose multidrug-resistente (MDR-TB) es resistente a rifampicina e isoniazide, e le tuberculose extensamente drug-resistente (XDR-TB) es resistente a un numero plus grande de medicamentos.

Fluoroquinolones sono un gruppo de antibioticos que inhibe le DNA gyrase e le topoisomerase IV, du enzymes essential pro le replication de DNA bacterial. Inhibendo iste enzymes, fluoroquinolones rende le DNA inaccessibile al machinas de replication bacterial, causante le morte cellular.

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin e Norfloxacin son exemplos de fluoroquinolones. Le suffix "-floxacin" identifica le classe de antibioticos.

Le DNA gyrase es un enzyme essential pro le replication de DNA bacterial, e es presente solmente in bacteria, non in humanos. Fluoroquinolones bloca le DNA gyrase, rendente le DNA inaccessibile al machinas de replication bacterial. Isto es un mecanismo importante contra bacteria gram-negative.

Topoisomerase IV es un enzyme que participa in le replication de DNA bacterial, e es presente in ambes bacteria gram-positive e gram-negative. Le topoisomerase IV human es inhibite a doses alte de fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones bloca le topoisomerase IV, rendente le DNA inaccessibile al machinas de replication bacterial.

Fluoroquinolones ha un spectrum de action ample, significante que illos es effective contra un large varietate de bacteria, incluente bacteria gram-positive e gram-negative, como H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, e E. coli. Fluoroquinolones es usate pro tratar un varietate de infectiones, como infectiones respiratorie basse (CAP), infectiones del pelle e tissu mol, e infectiones del vias urinarie.

Fluoroquinolones es disponibile in forma oral e intravenose. Illos es ben absorbite oralmente e ha un vita media longa.

Le effectos secundari de fluoroquinolones include distresso gastrointestinal, tendinitis e ruptura del tendines, debilesse muscular, dolor articular, prolongation del intervallo QT, convulsiones, e neuropatia periferic. Le overuse de fluoroquinolones pote contribuer al rapide development de resistencia.

Patients con un historia de damnos del tendines o que prende corticosteroides debe evitar fluoroquinolones. Cautiones debe esser usate in patients con factores de risco pro prolongation del intervallo QT, in epilepsia, disordines psychiatric, patients con impairment hepatic, e exposure al lumine solar.

Rifampicin es un antibiotico que inhibe le initiation del transcription de DNA bacterial, bloccante le activita del RNA polymerase bacterial. Isto resulta in un effecto bactericida.

Rifampicin ha un spectrum de action ample, es effective contra bacteria gram-positive e gram-negative, e es usate pro tratar tuberculosis e infectiones causate per Neisseria meningitidis e Haemophilus influenzae.