Cells and Systems

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Questions and Answers

Which of these are NOT properties of a cell?

Living
Simple / Doesn't Require Energy (correct)
Reproduce
Maintain Internal Environment / Homeostasis

The theory that all living things are composed of cells is in the cell theory.

True (A)

The main thing the cell membrane controls is the ______________ of molecules in and out of a cell.

Transportation (correct)
Production
Destruction
None of the above

What is the jelly-like material found within a cell called?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What does the nucleus do?

Control Center - Provides instructions for other organelles, contains chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Carbohydrates + Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes are responsible for producing energy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are true about unicellular organisms?

They are single-cell organisms, such as bacteria. (A), They rely on one cell to perform all functions (F) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue in the animal body?

Ground Tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue supports protects and binds. An example in the animal body is blood.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Nervous tissue is involved with communication.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Ground tissue is organized so as to perform photosynthesis.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Technology is important in understanding and manipulating cells.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the major pros of manipulating cells?

Better medicine, Stronger Crops, Learning about cells Signup and view all the answers

Cancer cells are also known as abnormal cells.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are factors that contribute to cancer (select all that apply)?

Smoking (A), Sun Damage (B), Genetics (C), Diet (D), Exposure to infectious agents (E), All of the above (F) Signup and view all the answers

There is a cure for cancer.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main components of Cell Theory?

All living things are composed of cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing cells DNA is the blueprint of the cell. Cells have the same basic chemical composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a unicellular organism?

Amoeba. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote with regards to their nucleus?

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, while eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitochondria in plant cells?

Cellular Respiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Briefly explain the process of diffusion.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Packaging and Distribution of Cellular Products (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The ER is involved in protein synthesis and transportation, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 main types of tissues in animals?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous, and Plant Tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of plant tissue?

Ground Tissue, Dermal Tissue, and Vascular Tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Why is one more complex than the other?

Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that performs all functions necessary for life. Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells that work together to form tissues, organs, and organ systems, allowing for greater complexity and specialization of function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

The cell wall provides structural support and protection for the plant cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of vascular tissue in plants, and what do they transport?

Xylem transports water and minerals throughout the plant, while phloem transports sugars and other nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the concept of the cell and its ability to produce energy?

Cells are the basic unit of life, and they require energy to carry out all their functions. Cellular respiration, a process occurring within mitochondria, is a key mechanism by which cells produce energy (ATP) from food molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates osmosis from diffusion?

Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion that involves the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main stages of mitosis, and what occurs during each stage?

The four main stages of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the center of the cell. During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. During telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes, and the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

Why are both the cell wall and cell membrane critical for plant cells?

The cell wall provides structural support and protection for the plant cell, while the cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining cellular homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the nucleus considered the control center of the cell?

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA), which carries the instructions for all the cell's activities and functions. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the vacuole play in plant cells, and how does it contribute to the plant's overall structure and function?

The vacuole, a large, fluid-filled sac within plant cells, plays vital roles in maintaining cell turgor (rigidity), storing nutrients and waste products, and supporting the plant's overall structure. The vacuole's ability to regulate water pressure within the cell contributes to the plant's ability to maintain its shape and stand upright. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the process of cell division critical for life?

Cell division is fundamental for all life processes, including growth, repair, and reproduction. It allows organisms to increase in size, replace damaged or worn-out cells, and produce new individuals. Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell membrane play a crucial role in maintaining a cell's internal environment?

The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell, ensuring that the cell's internal environment remains stable despite changes in external conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chloroplast in plant cells? What are the necessary ingredients for the process to occur?

The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose) in plant cells. Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of how technology has been used to understand cells?

Advanced tools like electron microscopes allow scientists to analyze how cells work and interact with each other. This technology helps us make discoveries about cell functions, diseases, and treatments. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of manipulating cells?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential concerns associated with manipulating cells?

Concerns include the potential for unintended consequences, ethical considerations regarding the modification of living organisms, and the potential for misuse or abuse of this technology. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Membrane

A thin, flexible layer surrounding a cell, controlling what enters and leaves.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance filling the cell, holding organelles and enabling material movement.