Cells and Organs of Immune Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of eosinophils in the immune system?

Response to parasitic infections (correct)

Production of antibodies

Recognition of self and non-self antigens

Phagocytosis of bacteria

Which cell type expresses HLA class II molecules?

NK cells

Cytotoxic T cells

Macrophages (correct)

Natural killer cells

What is the role of HLA class I molecules in the immune system?

Binding to long antigenic peptides

Can bind to short antigenic peptides (correct)

Expressed only on B cells

Involved in phagocytosis

What is the function of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex?

Determining rate and severity of graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have a major role in histocompatibility and graft rejection?

B and T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of adjuvants in the immune response?

Increasing the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the immune response triggered by an immunogen in the innate immune system compared to the adaptive immune system?

The response is the same upon reexposure in the innate system, but it intensifies in the adaptive system. Signup and view all the answers

How are immunogens different from antigens?

All immunogens are antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens. Signup and view all the answers

How does exposure to the same immunogen affect the immune response in the adaptive system?

The response intensity usually increases with reexposure. Signup and view all the answers

Why are adjuvants important in increasing the immune response to antigens?

They help deliver the antigen to the target cells more effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What role do T-cell receptors play in recognizing epitopes?

They only bind to epitopes on small fragments attached to host cell surface molecules. Signup and view all the answers

How do haptens differ from immunogens and tolerogens?

Haptens express epitopes but do not trigger an immune response on their own. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of adjuvants in the context of the immune response?

Enhance the activity of the immune system when exposed to antigens Signup and view all the answers

What role do B- and T-cells play in recognizing antigens?

Both B- and T-cells recognize epitopes on antigens Signup and view all the answers

How do non-covalent intermolecular attraction forces contribute to the immune response?

They facilitate the recognition of antigens as foreign materials by the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of epitopes in the immune response?

Epitopes are part of the antigen recognized by B- and T-cells Signup and view all the answers

How does exposure to antigens impact immunogenicity?

Exposure to antigens enhances immunogenicity by activating immune responses Signup and view all the answers

What critical factor influences the binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor?

The shape and charge of the ligand affecting binding affinity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eosinophils

Eosinophils play a crucial role in combating parasitic infections and are involved in allergic reactions.

HLA Class II Molecules

B-cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells are primary cell types that express HLA class II molecules, crucial for presenting antigens to CD4+ T-helper cells.

HLA Class I Molecules

HLA class I molecules present endogenous antigens, enabling recognition and destruction of infected or abnormal cells by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.

HLA Complex Function

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is essential for immune system regulation and plays a significant role in self/non-self discrimination.

Histocompatibility and Graft Rejection

T-cells are primarily involved in histocompatibility and graft rejection, recognizing foreign tissues through HLA differences.

Adjuvants in Immune Response

Adjuvants enhance the immune response to antigens by improving the activation and proliferation of immune cells.

Innate vs. Adaptive Immune Response

The innate immune system responds rapidly but non-specifically, whereas the adaptive immune system develops a specific response tailored to the immunogen over time.

Immunogens vs. Antigens

Immunogens are substances that provoke an immune response, while antigens are specific molecules recognized by the immune system, which may or may not elicit a response.

Exposure to Immunogens

Re-exposure to the same immunogen strengthens the immune response in the adaptive system due to the presence of memory cells.

Importance of Adjuvants

Adjuvants are critical for increasing the effectiveness of vaccines by enhancing the body's immune response to antigens.

T-cell Receptors and Epitopes

T-cell receptors are specialized proteins that bind to specific epitopes on antigens, facilitating T-cell activation and response.

Haptens, Immunogens, and Tolerogens

Haptens are small molecules that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a carrier, unlike immunogens which can independently trigger a response. Tolerogens induce tolerance and prevent an immune response.

Function of Adjuvants

In the immune response, adjuvants promote a stronger and prolonged reaction against introduced antigens, improving overall efficacy.

B- and T-cells Role

B-cells recognize soluble antigens and produce antibodies, while T-cells recognize processed antigens presented by HLA molecules, initiating cellular immune responses.

Non-covalent Intermolecular Forces

These forces contribute to the stability and specificity of antigen-antibody interactions, essential for an effective immune response.

Epitopes in Immune Response

Epitopes are specific regions of antigens recognized by immune cells, crucial for eliciting the appropriate immune response.

Antigen Exposure and Immunogenicity

Repeated exposure to an antigen can increase its immunogenicity, enhancing the body's ability to mount a more robust response.

Ligand-Receptor Binding Factors

The specificity and strength of ligand binding to cell surface receptors are greatly influenced by factors like affinity, concentration, and environmental conditions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cells and organs of both innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as understand definitions of antigens and receptors. Learn about the interaction between ligands and receptor proteins in immune responses.