PMH-C Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the mission of PSI?

To promote awareness, prevention and treatment of maternal mental health issues related to childbearing in every community worldwide.

When was PSI founded and by whom?

1987 by Jane Honikman.

Who is known as the 'Father of Medicine'?

Hippocrates.

What year did the DSM include specifiers?

<ol start="1994"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What social support groups were involved in forming PSI in 1987?

Association for Post Natal Illness (APNI), Depression After Delivery (DAD), Pacific Post Partum Support Society, Post and Ante Natal Depression Association (PANDA), Postpartum Education for Parents (PEP). Signup and view all the answers

How many countries does PSI have members in?

Over 40 countries. Signup and view all the answers

What are some early classifications of PMADs?

Postpartum fever, agitation, paralysis, and sensory deficits. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common practical barriers to treatment?

Cost of treatment, limited time, loss of pay from work, poor access or transportation, childcare, provider and consumer ignorance. Signup and view all the answers

What are some psychological barriers to treatment?

Illness itself, fear of medication, being overly self-reliant, lack of information, denial, ignorance, opposition or fear of treatment, inadequate support. Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of baby blues?

Crying, feeling overwhelmed with motherhood, being uncertain, acute sleep deprivation, fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women experience postpartum depression (PPD)?

Up to 21%. Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of postpartum anxiety (PPA)?

Agitated, irritable, inability to sit still, excessive concern about baby's or her own health, high alert, appetite changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of PTSD among women in the general population?

12.3%. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women with perinatal bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed with unipolar depression?

60%. Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger mania in patients with bipolar disorder?

Prescribing antidepressants alone, SSRIs. Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Cleaning, checking, counting, ordering, obsession with germs, hypervigilance. Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential consequences of traumatic birth and delivery?

Avoidance of aftercare, impaired mother-infant bonding, PTSD in partners. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three greatest fears when dealing with panic?

Fear of dying, fear of going crazy, fear of losing control. Signup and view all the answers

What are some theories of etiology for PMADs?

Biological sensitivities to hormonal changes, vulnerability (genetic and history), psychological, social/environmental, spiritual theories. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mission and Foundation of PSI

PSI is a global network focusing on mental health awareness concerning childbearing.
Founded in 1987 by Jane Honikman.

Historical Figures and Contributions

Hippocrates, known as the father of medicine, lived around 460 BC.
Louis Victor Marce', a French psychiatrist, authored the first treatise on puerperal mental illness in 1858.
James A. Hamilton, MD, PhD, a pioneer in postpartum psychiatric illness, founded the Marce' Society in 1980 and published a landmark book on the subject.

Early Classifications and DSM Inclusion

Early classifications of PMADs included postpartum fever, agitation, and paralysis.
The DSM introduced specifiers for PMADs in 1994.

Key organizations that helped form PSI in 1987 include APNI, DAD, Pacific Post Partum Support Society, PANDA, and PEP.
PSI’s statement emphasizes that social support is vital for the mental health of women and families during the perinatal period.

Global Reach and Objectives of PSI

PSI has members in over 40 countries.
Objectives include raising Perinatal Mental Health Awareness, offering support to families, fostering collaborations, advocating for public policy, and providing education and training.

Specific Needs of Childbearing Women

Women need companions during pregnancy and postpartum, knowledgeable professionals for mental health support, and spaces to discuss their experiences.

Importance and Prevalence of PMADs

PMADs can lead to serious societal consequences like relationship issues, child neglect, and development delays.
Up to 21% of women may experience postpartum depression (PPD), while 20% might encounter depression or anxiety during pregnancy.

Definitions and Classifications of PMADs

The perinatal period spans from pregnancy to the first year postpartum.
PMAD mood disorders include depression and bipolar disorder; anxiety disorders encompass GAD, panic, OCD, and PTSD.

Common Postpartum Challenges

Psychological and physical changes include fatigue, loss of freedom, and insecurity in parenting abilities.
Practical barriers to treatment can involve costs, childcare, and time limitations, while psychological barriers may stem from fear of treatment.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of PMADs

Baby blues affect 60%-80% of new moms, characterized by temporary emotional disturbances and extreme hormone fluctuations.
PPD symptoms include persistent sadness, suicidal thoughts, and feelings of helplessness.
Symptoms of PPA include excessive worry and irritability.

Detailed Symptoms of PMADs

Panic symptoms involve episodes of extreme anxiety and physical distress, while OCD attributes include compulsive behaviors and significant guilt.
PTSD might manifest as re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, and persistent hyperarousal.

Risk Factors and Co-Morbidities

Higher likelihood of PTSD with neonatal complications or extended NICU stays.
Perinatal bipolar disorder often misdiagnosed as unipolar depression in 60% of cases.

Maternal Mental Health Trends

Women who stop mood stabilizers during pregnancy have higher recurrence rates of bipolar disorder.
Nicu families are notably vulnerable to PTSD.

Complexities of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar I disorder is defined by at least one lifetime manic episode with severe impairment.
Symptoms of hypomania involve improved functioning, whereas mania showcases considerable functional impairment.

Longitudinal Nature of PMAD Symptoms

Symptoms of bipolar and depressive episodes are often variable and can fluctuate, being related to seasonal or postpartum cues.
Awareness for clinical recognition of PMADs is essential for advocating effective treatment and support.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on maternal mental health concepts. Explore key figures, historical milestones, and organizations that contribute to the understanding of mental health related to childbearing. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of psychology.