Questions and Answers
What is the mission of PSI?
To promote awareness, prevention and treatment of maternal mental health issues related to childbearing in every community worldwide.
When was PSI founded and by whom?
1987 by Jane Honikman.
Who is known as the 'Father of Medicine'?
Hippocrates.
What year did the DSM include specifiers?
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What social support groups were involved in forming PSI in 1987?
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How many countries does PSI have members in?
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What are some early classifications of PMADs?
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What are some common practical barriers to treatment?
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What are some psychological barriers to treatment?
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What are common symptoms of baby blues?
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What percentage of women experience postpartum depression (PPD)?
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What are the symptoms of postpartum anxiety (PPA)?
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What is the prevalence of PTSD among women in the general population?
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What percentage of women with perinatal bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed with unipolar depression?
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What can trigger mania in patients with bipolar disorder?
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What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
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What are some potential consequences of traumatic birth and delivery?
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What are the three greatest fears when dealing with panic?
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What are some theories of etiology for PMADs?
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Study Notes
Mission and Foundation of PSI
- PSI is a global network focusing on mental health awareness concerning childbearing.
- Founded in 1987 by Jane Honikman.
Historical Figures and Contributions
- Hippocrates, known as the father of medicine, lived around 460 BC.
- Louis Victor Marce', a French psychiatrist, authored the first treatise on puerperal mental illness in 1858.
- James A. Hamilton, MD, PhD, a pioneer in postpartum psychiatric illness, founded the Marce' Society in 1980 and published a landmark book on the subject.
Early Classifications and DSM Inclusion
- Early classifications of PMADs included postpartum fever, agitation, and paralysis.
- The DSM introduced specifiers for PMADs in 1994.
Social Support and Organizations
- Key organizations that helped form PSI in 1987 include APNI, DAD, Pacific Post Partum Support Society, PANDA, and PEP.
- PSI’s statement emphasizes that social support is vital for the mental health of women and families during the perinatal period.
Global Reach and Objectives of PSI
- PSI has members in over 40 countries.
- Objectives include raising Perinatal Mental Health Awareness, offering support to families, fostering collaborations, advocating for public policy, and providing education and training.
Specific Needs of Childbearing Women
- Women need companions during pregnancy and postpartum, knowledgeable professionals for mental health support, and spaces to discuss their experiences.
Importance and Prevalence of PMADs
- PMADs can lead to serious societal consequences like relationship issues, child neglect, and development delays.
- Up to 21% of women may experience postpartum depression (PPD), while 20% might encounter depression or anxiety during pregnancy.
Definitions and Classifications of PMADs
- The perinatal period spans from pregnancy to the first year postpartum.
- PMAD mood disorders include depression and bipolar disorder; anxiety disorders encompass GAD, panic, OCD, and PTSD.
Common Postpartum Challenges
- Psychological and physical changes include fatigue, loss of freedom, and insecurity in parenting abilities.
- Practical barriers to treatment can involve costs, childcare, and time limitations, while psychological barriers may stem from fear of treatment.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of PMADs
- Baby blues affect 60%-80% of new moms, characterized by temporary emotional disturbances and extreme hormone fluctuations.
- PPD symptoms include persistent sadness, suicidal thoughts, and feelings of helplessness.
- Symptoms of PPA include excessive worry and irritability.
Detailed Symptoms of PMADs
- Panic symptoms involve episodes of extreme anxiety and physical distress, while OCD attributes include compulsive behaviors and significant guilt.
- PTSD might manifest as re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, and persistent hyperarousal.
Risk Factors and Co-Morbidities
- Higher likelihood of PTSD with neonatal complications or extended NICU stays.
- Perinatal bipolar disorder often misdiagnosed as unipolar depression in 60% of cases.
Maternal Mental Health Trends
- Women who stop mood stabilizers during pregnancy have higher recurrence rates of bipolar disorder.
- Nicu families are notably vulnerable to PTSD.
Complexities of Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar I disorder is defined by at least one lifetime manic episode with severe impairment.
- Symptoms of hypomania involve improved functioning, whereas mania showcases considerable functional impairment.
Longitudinal Nature of PMAD Symptoms
- Symptoms of bipolar and depressive episodes are often variable and can fluctuate, being related to seasonal or postpartum cues.
- Awareness for clinical recognition of PMADs is essential for advocating effective treatment and support.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on maternal mental health concepts. Explore key figures, historical milestones, and organizations that contribute to the understanding of mental health related to childbearing. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of psychology.