PLTW Computer Systems Design Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a computer system design?

A group of computing careers focusing on the creation and maintenance of networks and computer hardware. (correct)
A single type of software application.
An individual component of a computer.
A method of securing data.

What does Computer and Information Technology encompass?

Only hardware-related careers.
Exclusively programming languages.
A group of computing careers focusing on the use of computers to store and manipulate data. (correct)
A sole focus on cybersecurity.

What is a handshake in computer protocols?

A protocol for the beginning of an interaction.

What is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

The transmission control protocol puts IP packets in sequence and checks for errors in transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What does HTTP stand for?

HyperText Transfer Protocol. Signup and view all the answers

What is the TCP Handshake?

The protocol by which a client and server machine establish communication for the transfer of data. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Domain Name System (DNS) do?

It is a hierarchical system for naming resources on the internet. Signup and view all the answers

What does hierarchical mean in system design?

Hierarchical design is a strategy where a system is designed in a tree structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is ICANN?

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a top-level domain?

Domains at the end of a domain name, such as .net, .org, .com, etc. Signup and view all the answers

What is recursive DNS?

A system that queries authoritative name servers until it can provide an answer to a request for domain information. Signup and view all the answers

What is cache in computing?

Data storage built into a hardware component to improve speeds. Signup and view all the answers

What is a command line interface (CLI)?

An interface that accepts text commands at a prompt for execution. Signup and view all the answers

What does REPL stand for?

Read-execute-print loop. Signup and view all the answers

What is an operating system (OS)?

The primary program running on a computer that manages resources and programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is an application in computing?

A program run by the operating system to meet the user's needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a shell?

A command line interface to the operating system. Signup and view all the answers

What is Linux?

A free, open-source operating system in the UNIX family. Signup and view all the answers

What are distributions in software?

A specific version of a software application or operating system. Signup and view all the answers

What is Bash?

The Bourne again shell, a common command line interface. Signup and view all the answers

What is SSH?

Secure Shell, a protocol for secure data transfer between computers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prompt in command line interfaces?

A small amount of output indicating the CLI is ready for a command. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current working directory?

A location in the file system used as a reference point for commands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a directory in computing?

A folder in a file system. Signup and view all the answers

What is a file system?

A major part of an operating system that tracks data storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a child in tree data structures?

An element that is the immediate descendant of another element. Signup and view all the answers

What is a parent in tree data structures?

An element that is the immediate ancestor of another element. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Computer System Design

Focuses on creating and maintaining networks and computer hardware.
Encompasses various computing careers.

Computer and Information Technology

Involves careers that utilize computers for data storage and manipulation.

Handshake

Refers to a protocol initiating interactions between devices.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Sequences IP packets and verifies transmission errors.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Enables structured text transfer across Internet nodes.

TCP Handshake

Establishes communication protocol for data transfer between client and server.

Domain Name System (DNS)

Structured system for naming Internet resources in a hierarchical format.

Hierarchical Design

Organizes systems in a tree structure, accommodating future expansion.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Governs development and policies of the DNS.

Top-Level Domain

Highest level in domain hierarchy, includes extensions like .com, .org, and country codes.

Recursive DNS

Queries authoritative name servers to gather domain information.

Cache

Hardware storage that enhances data access speed by locating memory nearer to usage points.

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Text-based interface for entering commands and receiving immediate results.

Read-Execute-Print Loop (REPL)

Process that obtains, executes, and outputs instructions repetitively.

Operating System (OS)

Main software managing computer resources, with major types including Windows and Unix families.

Application

Programs executed by the operating system to address user needs.

Shell

Command line interface for interacting with the operating system.

Linux

An open-source operating system within the UNIX family.

Distributions

Specific versions of software containing consistent sets of components.

Bash

A widely-used shell application; includes variants like C shell and Bourne shell.

Secure Shell (SSH)

Network protocol facilitating secure data transfer between computers.

Prompt

Indicates a CLI's readiness for new commands, often displaying user and system information.

Current Working Directory

Reference point in the file system for commands issued in a terminal or shell.

File System

Key OS component managing data storage locations, names, types, and associated metadata.

Child

Element in a tree structure that descends directly from another element.

Parent

Element in a tree structure that ascends directly to another element.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to computer system design with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts in computer technology, networking, and data management. Perfect for students in the PLTW curriculum.