Exam 3 - Pulmonary

What is the primary function of alveoli in the respiratory system?

Which structure is responsible for producing surfactant in the lungs?

What is the main function of the dorsal respiratory group in the respiratory system?

Which term refers to the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath?

What does the Haldane effect depend on for effective gas exchange?

In which area of the lungs does perfusion exceed ventilation due to gravity?

Which condition is characterized by excess water in the lung due to disturbances in capillary hydrostatic pressure, capillary oncotic pressure, or capillary permeability?

What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?

Which syndrome is a rare life-threatening complication that can occur after relief of upper airway obstruction?

What are the typical clinical manifestations associated with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

What sequence of events occurs in ARDS in terms of clinical manifestations?

What causes postobstructive pulmonary edema (POPE) to develop?

Which factor contributes to the pathophysiology of ARDS?

What is the primary cause of absorption atelectasis?

Which condition is characterized by an excessive amount of fibrous tissue in the lung?

What are the clinical manifestations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Which condition is characterized by a severe inflammatory response mediated primarily by oxygen radicals?

What are the most common causes of pneumoconiosis?

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of oxygen toxicity?

How does pulmonary fibrosis differ from atelectasis?

What distinguishes systemic disorders affecting the lungs from pneumoconiosis?

Which type of pleural effusion is characterized by the presence of chyle exudate?

What is the main cause of hypercapnia?

What are common clinical manifestations of empyema, an infected pleural effusion?

In acute respiratory failure, which of the following is a common characteristic?

In which condition is lung compliance reduced, making it difficult to get air in?

Which lung disorder is characterized by the passage of fluid and solid particles into the lungs?

What characterizes chest wall restriction?

What is the most frequent site for aspiration in the lungs?

What is a key symptom of flail chest?

What differentiates primary pneumothorax from secondary pneumothorax?

Which type of effusion is watery and diffuses out of the capillaries?

What leads to the presence of air or gas in the pleural space in a pneumothorax?

What are common clinical manifestations of restrictive lung disease?

Why does a flail chest cause hypoventilation?

What type of lung disease increases the stiffness of the lung and limits expansion?

What is a hallmark feature of chest wall pain arising from muscle or rib pain?

What is the primary cause of primary emphysema?

Which type of lung disease involves damage that is more randomly distributed throughout the entire acinus?

What is a fundamental abnormality in cystic fibrosis?

Which lung condition results in a chronic productive cough lasting at least 3 months of the year for 2 consecutive years?

In which lung disease does the involved lobe undergo consolidation?

What multi-system disease is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance and leads to chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs?

What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

In which condition does hypoxic vasoconstriction occur to direct blood flow to better-ventilated areas of the lungs?

Which factor has the most significant effect on the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lungs?

What is the primary function of the dorsal respiratory group in the respiratory system?

Which characteristic distinguishes pulmonary circulation from systemic circulation?

What is the primary difference between absorption atelectasis and compression atelectasis?

How does oxygen toxicity primarily cause damage to the lungs?

What distinguishes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from pulmonary fibrosis due to exposure to toxic gases?

Which systemic diseases specifically affect the lung parenchyma?

What is the most common cause of pneumoconiosis?

How does pulmonary fibrosis differ from systemic disorders affecting the lungs?

What characteristic distinguishes obstructive lung diseases like asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema?

What physiological change occurs in obstructive lung diseases leading to the need for greater pressure to overcome resistance to airflow?

What is the primary characteristic of asthma that distinguishes it from other obstructive lung diseases?

Which factor contributes to the pathophysiology of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma?

Why do obstructive lung diseases like emphysema make it difficult to get air out?

What happens to the FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases?

What is the primary cause of an abscess in the lung?

Which of the following is a common manifestation of pulmonary embolism?

What is a significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer?

Which type of lung cancer is characterized by chest wall pain, pleural effusion, and cough?

What is the worst prognosis associated with small cell carcinoma (oat) of the lung?

In pulmonary artery hypertension, what is the key feature that differentiates it from other lung conditions?