Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which components are involved in both hemostasis and thrombosis?
Which components are involved in both hemostasis and thrombosis?
- Endothelial cells, platelets, factors of the coagulation cascade (correct)
- Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma proteins
- Antibodies, antigens, lymphocytes
- Hemoglobin, fibrinogen, albumin
What is the main difference between hemostasis and thrombosis?
What is the main difference between hemostasis and thrombosis?
- Size of the blood clot
- Location of blood clot formation (correct)
- Speed of blood clot formation
- Color of the blood clot
What does hemostasis maintain besides homeostasis?
What does hemostasis maintain besides homeostasis?
- Blood pH balance
- Electrolyte concentrations
- Blood fluidity (correct)
- Oxygen levels in the blood
What happens when the delicate balance between pro and anti-thrombotic activities of blood is destroyed?
What happens when the delicate balance between pro and anti-thrombotic activities of blood is destroyed?
Which factor is activated by thrombin and is involved in the cross-linking of fibrin?
Which factor is activated by thrombin and is involved in the cross-linking of fibrin?
What is the major function of plasmin?
What is the major function of plasmin?
Which molecule is a potent inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, as well as a vasodilator?
Which molecule is a potent inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, as well as a vasodilator?
Which molecule binds thrombin, inhibiting its activity, and then forms a complex to inhibit protein C?
Which molecule binds thrombin, inhibiting its activity, and then forms a complex to inhibit protein C?
Which plasminogen activator is synthesized principally by endothelium and is most active when bound to fibrin?
Which plasminogen activator is synthesized principally by endothelium and is most active when bound to fibrin?
What is the additional function of thrombin apart from its involvement in the coagulation cascade?
What is the additional function of thrombin apart from its involvement in the coagulation cascade?
What are the major functions of plasmin?
What are the major functions of plasmin?
Which molecule inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation as well as acts as a vasodilator?
Which molecule inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation as well as acts as a vasodilator?
Which molecule binds thrombin, inhibiting its activity, and then forms a complex to inhibit protein C?
Which molecule binds thrombin, inhibiting its activity, and then forms a complex to inhibit protein C?
Which plasminogen activator is synthesized principally by endothelium and is most active when bound to fibrin?
Which plasminogen activator is synthesized principally by endothelium and is most active when bound to fibrin?
What is the central event in the coagulation cascade?
What is the central event in the coagulation cascade?
Which molecule is responsible for platelet adhesion to the vessel wall?
Which molecule is responsible for platelet adhesion to the vessel wall?
What is the role of phosphatidyl serine in platelet activation?
What is the role of phosphatidyl serine in platelet activation?
Which factor is crucial for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and the cross-linking of fibrin fibers?
Which factor is crucial for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin and the cross-linking of fibrin fibers?
What do activated platelets release to aid in hemostasis?
What do activated platelets release to aid in hemostasis?
What is the primary function of fibrinogen in hemostasis?
What is the primary function of fibrinogen in hemostasis?
How do platelets adhere to the vessel wall?
How do platelets adhere to the vessel wall?
Which molecule plays a significant role in factor X activation?
Which molecule plays a significant role in factor X activation?
What flips out to the outer membrane of activated platelets and plays a role in activating the coagulation cascade?
What flips out to the outer membrane of activated platelets and plays a role in activating the coagulation cascade?
Which enzyme is crucial for converting fibrinogen into fibrin and cross-linking fibrin fibers?
Which enzyme is crucial for converting fibrinogen into fibrin and cross-linking fibrin fibers?
What plays a crucial role in orchestrating hemostasis through factors production and binding of platelets to broken endothelium?
What plays a crucial role in orchestrating hemostasis through factors production and binding of platelets to broken endothelium?
Which molecule activates Antithrombin III?
Which molecule activates Antithrombin III?
What is the main function of Antithrombin III?
What is the main function of Antithrombin III?
Which activity of endothelial cells contributes to a fibrinolytic effect?
Which activity of endothelial cells contributes to a fibrinolytic effect?
What effect does heparin have on thrombin function?
What effect does heparin have on thrombin function?
Why would administering heparin be ineffective if a thrombus is already formed in a patient?
Why would administering heparin be ineffective if a thrombus is already formed in a patient?
Which is the primary function of platelets?
Which is the primary function of platelets?
Which molecules are released from platelet granules during hemostasis?
Which molecules are released from platelet granules during hemostasis?
Which molecule mediates the adhesion and aggregation of platelets by binding to $GpIIb-IIIa$?
Which molecule mediates the adhesion and aggregation of platelets by binding to $GpIIb-IIIa$?
What is the role of integrins in platelet adhesion and aggregation?
What is the role of integrins in platelet adhesion and aggregation?
What happens when there is a deficiency in $vWF$ or integrins?
What happens when there is a deficiency in $vWF$ or integrins?
$GpIIb-IIIa$ binds to which molecule during platelet adhesion?
$GpIIb-IIIa$ binds to which molecule during platelet adhesion?
Which cells produce vWF and release it when the endothelium is damaged?
Which cells produce vWF and release it when the endothelium is damaged?
What is the initial step in the body's response to a ruptured vessel wall?
What is the initial step in the body's response to a ruptured vessel wall?
What is the main function of platelets during hemostasis?
What is the main function of platelets during hemostasis?
Which receptor is present on the membrane of platelets for adhesion and aggregation?
Which receptor is present on the membrane of platelets for adhesion and aggregation?
Which molecule mediates the adhesion and aggregation of platelets by binding to $GpIb$?
Which molecule mediates the adhesion and aggregation of platelets by binding to $GpIb$?
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Study Notes
- When a vessel wall is ruptured, the body initiates a hemostatic process to stop the bleeding.
- The first step is vasoconstriction, which is a reflex response causing the vessels to constrict and reduce blood loss.
- Next is primary hemostasis, where platelets adhere to the sub-endothelium and form a primary hemostatic plug.
- Platelets are anucleated cells with a short life-span, their main function is to perform hemostasis.
- Platelets contain granules (alpha and delta) that release important molecules for hemostasis, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, and coagulation factors.
- Platelets have receptors on their membrane, such as selectins, GPCRs, and integrins, for adhesion and aggregation.
- Integrins, such as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and glycoprotein Ib (GpIb), play a crucial role in platelet adhesion and aggregation.
- vWF, a multimeric glycoprotein, mediates the adhesion and aggregation of platelets by binding to GpIIb-IIIa.
- Endothelial cells produce vWF and release it when the endothelium is damaged.
- During platelet adhesion, vWF binds to GpIb on platelets, then GpIIb-IIIa binds to fibrinogen, causing platelet aggregation.
- A deficiency in vWF or integrins can result in thrombosis or bleeding, as platelets are not correctly bound to the sub-endothelium or to each other.
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