Geography Term 2 Test

What is the Earth's outermost solid layer called?

Which layer of the Earth can reach temperatures up to 5,000°C?

What is the liquid layer composed primarily of nickel and iron beneath the mantle called?

At what depth is the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) located?

Which layer of the Earth remains solid despite extreme heat due to immense pressure?

In which layer of the Earth are tectonic plates found floating?

What is a positive impact of volcanic activity on human populations?

Which of the following is a negative impact of volcanic eruptions?

What type of minerals can be found in volcanic areas according to the text?

How do volcanic features like calderas impact local economies?

What is a major risk associated with volcanic eruptions, as mentioned in the text?

Why is understanding volcanic formation, types, and effects important?

What type of faults are formed when rocks are pulled apart?

Which seismic waves are the fastest and can travel through solids and liquids?

Which of the following landforms is created by fault movements like the East African Rift Valley?

What is the most commonly associated human activity in fold mountain regions due to their terrain?

What scale is used to measure the strength of earthquakes based on the energy released?

Which type of seismic waves are responsible for causing the most destruction during earthquakes?

In which activity are rivers running through fold mountains primarily used?

What are the immediate impacts of earthquakes?

Which country is likely to suffer greater devastation in earthquakes?

What is a key step in the formation of volcanoes?

Which type of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes?

What distinguishes active volcanoes from dormant ones?

How do Cinder Cone Volcanoes form?

What is a characteristic of Extinct Volcanoes?

In which type of countries are preparedness initiatives for earthquakes usually more advanced?

What geological activity occurs at constructive plate margins?

Which tectonic plate boundary results in severe earthquakes due to sticking plates?

How do folds form in rock layers?

What type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal?

What is the result of compressive forces on rock layers at plate boundaries?

Which plate boundary involves one plate being pushed under another?

What type of geological activity occurs when two continental plates collide?

What distinguishes a monocline from other fold types?

Which geological process shapes the Earth's crust through tectonic plate movements?

What can cause severe earthquakes at conservative plate margins?

What drives the transformation of rock types through geological time in the rock cycle?

Which type of rock is characterized by crystal size determined by the rate of cooling?

How do sedimentary rocks form as described in the text?

What causes the alteration in mineral composition and structure of rocks to form metamorphic rocks?

Which intrusive igneous body is typically characterized by chimney-like structures allowing magma movement?

What is a significant factor that influences landscapes according to the text?

What type of landform is characteristic of sedimentary rock landscapes?

What was the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener in his theory of continental drift?

What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?

What is the lithosphere divided into according to plate tectonics?

What is one beneficial impact of volcanic activity on human populations, as discussed in the text?

How do volcanic soils contribute to agriculture, as mentioned in the text?

What is a negative impact highlighted in the text regarding volcanic eruptions?

Why can volcanic areas be valuable in terms of mineral resources, according to the text?

What immediate risk do people face during volcanic eruptions, as described in the text?

In what way can volcanic activity impact climate patterns, based on the information provided?

What marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle?

Which layer of the Earth is composed of solid but plastic-like rock?

What is the Earth's outermost solid layer called?

Which layer of the Earth is capable of flow due to its plastic-like nature?

What is the composition of the liquid layer beneath the mantle?

Where is the Earth's inner core located in relation to the outer core?

What is a common immediate impact of earthquakes mentioned in the text?

What geological process results in the formation of mid-ocean ridges?

Why may developing countries suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

Which type of plate margin is responsible for the creation of deep-sea trenches and volcanic island arcs?

What is a key factor that contributes to the formation of volcanoes according to the text?

What characteristic differentiates a recumbent fold from other fold types?

What kind of stress leads to the formation of an overthrust fold (nappe)?

Which type of volcano is characterized by explosive eruptions that eject ash and lava fragments forming steep conical mounds?

What distinguishes active volcanoes from dormant ones based on the text?

Which type of seismic waves are responsible for causing the most destruction during earthquakes?

What is the primary indicator used for monitoring ground changes in volcanoes?

How do Shield Volcanoes differ from Composite Volcanoes based on their eruption style?

In what scenario do synclines typically form?

Why can Extinct Volcanoes be considered low-risk according to the text?

What is a significant step in the process of volcano formation described in the text?

What is the primary mechanism behind the formation of fold mountains like the Himalayas?

'Nappe' is associated with which type of geological feature?

What aspect differentiates the structure of Cinder Cone Volcanoes from Shield Volcanoes and Composite Volcanoes?

Which type of volcano is likely to have multiple vents or pipes, some of which may not reach the surface?

Which type of intrusive igneous body is typically characterized by horizontal structures?

What is the main factor that determines crystal size in igneous rocks according to the text?

What type of landform is primarily associated with sedimentary rock landscapes?

What distinguishes metamorphic rocks from other rock types in the rock cycle?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of igneous rock landscapes?

What geological activity is responsible for the formation of dykes and sills?

Which seismic evidence supports the theory of continental drift?

What geological process leads to the formation of fold mountains?

Which seismic waves move the ground up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

What is the logarithmic scale used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

What causes the most destruction during earthquakes with their slow but powerful rolling motion?

What type of landforms are created by fault movements, such as the East African Rift Valley?

Which activity is commonly associated with fold mountain regions due to their terrain characteristics?

What is the primary cause of earthquakes?

Which type of faults are formed when rocks are pushed together?

What occurs when an undersea earthquake lifts or lowers the ocean floor?

What is the composition of the Earth's outer core?

Where is the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) located?

What characteristic defines the mantle's rock composition?

At what temperature can the mantle rock reach?

In what state is the outer core of the Earth?

What prevents the inner core from melting despite extreme heat?

What is a detrimental impact of volcanic eruptions on water supplies, as mentioned in the text?

How do volcanic features like geysers contribute to local economies, according to the text?

What is a distinctive characteristic of volcanic soils that makes them especially suitable for farming?

Why can volcanic areas be significant hubs for mineral resources according to the text?

What kind of risk do eruptions pose to health and safety, based on the information provided?

What is a significant negative impact of lava flows during volcanic eruptions, as described in the text?

What geological process is responsible for the creation of new crust and mid-ocean ridges?

Which type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal?

What type of seismic waves are the fastest and can travel through both solids and liquids?

In a conservatively sliding plate margin, what can cause pressure build-up leading to severe earthquakes?

Which type of fault is formed when rocks are pulled apart?

What type of landform is created by the collision of two continental plates?

How are synclines different from anticlines in terms of shape?

What type of rocks are formed through the alteration of existing igneous or sedimentary rocks under extreme pressure and temperature conditions without melting?

Which process involves magma filling cracks vertically across existing rock layers?

What type of landform is generally characterized by caves, springs, and aquifers, formed in limestone rocks?

Which theory proposed the idea that all continents were once part of a single supercontinent called Pangaea?

What type of igneous activity forms large masses of rock deep below the Earth's surface, often exposed through erosion?

Which factor significantly influences landscapes by determining a landform's resistance to erosion and permeability?

'Lysotrosaurus' fossils found on continents now separated by oceans suggest what about their past geography?

What geological process occurs at the collision margins of tectonic plates?

Which type of seismic waves move only through solids and not liquids?

What is the primary cause of earthquakes related to tectonic plate movement?

Which scale is used to measure the strength of earthquakes based on the energy released?

What type of landform is created when rocks fracture due to tectonic forces and slide past each other?

Which type of seismic waves are the fastest and travel through the Earth's crust?

What is the primary impact on human activity in fold mountain regions due to their terrain characteristics?

What is the term for an undersea disturbance that causes a series of ocean waves known as a tsunami?

What type of rock landscape is primarily associated with faulting processes and fractures?

What is the main factor contributing to the creation of rift valleys like the East African Rift Valley?

Which type of volcanoes is characterized by gentle slopes formed by the effusive eruption of low-viscosity lava that can flow great distances from a central vent?

What is the primary reason that developing countries may suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

What is the likely consequence of disruption to water, gas, and electricity supplies immediately after an earthquake?

What geological activity leads to the formation of fold mountains like the Himalayas?

Which type of seismic waves are responsible for causing the most destruction during earthquakes due to their side-to-side shaking motion?

What distinguishes Composite Volcanoes (Stratovolcanoes) from Shield Volcanoes?

Why are volcano early warning systems like those in Japan and Mexico crucial?

What is a key step in the formation of volcanoes that involves the magma rising through cracks or pipes in the Earth's crust?

What marks the boundary between the Earth's outermost solid layer and the mantle?

Which layer beneath Earth's crust can reach temperatures up to 5,000°C?

What is the primary composition of the liquid layer located beneath the mantle?

Which layer of the Earth remains solid despite extreme heat due to immense pressures?

What is the depth extension of the mantle located beneath the Earth's crust?

What is the approximate thickness of the Earth's outermost solid layer?

What rocks form due to extreme pressure and temperature conditions without melting?

Which rock type is characterized by caves, springs, and aquifers?

What are the large masses of igneous rock that form deep below the Earth's surface called?

Which rock type results from the alteration of existing igneous or sedimentary rocks under extreme conditions?

What structures allow magma to move from deeper areas toward the Earth's surface?

Which landform results from the erosion of surrounding material, leaving exposed core-stones?

What is the process where magma does not reach the surface but cools and solidifies below ground called?

Which evidence supports the theory of continental drift by showing matching rock formations across continents?

What feature do laccoliths and lopoliths have in common?

What type of earthquake waves move through solids and liquids but cause minimal damage?

What geological process is primarily responsible for shaping the Earth's crust through the movements of tectonic plates?

Which type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal and typically forms under very high pressure?

What type of tectonic plate margin results in the formation of mountain ranges such as the Himalayas?

Which geological activity can trigger violent earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the creation of deep-sea trenches?

What key technique is used to detect slope changes in volcanoes and aid in monitoring volcanic activity?

What type of seismic waves can travel through solids and liquids and are the fastest during an earthquake?

Which characteristic distinguishes monoclines from other types of folds?

Which type of tectonic plate margin allows magma to rise and solidify, forming new crust and mid-ocean ridges?

What outcome is associated with rock layers being subjected to intense pressure at tectonic plate boundaries?

Synclines are characterized by which shape in rock layers due to folding?

What aspect of volcanic activity can contribute significantly to boosting local economies?

Why are volcanic soils considered highly fertile for farming?

Which environmental risk is associated with volcanic eruptions according to the text?

What mineral resource is highlighted as potentially found in volcanic areas?

Which factor contributes to the significance of volcanic regions as mineral resource hubs?

How do volcanic eruptions affect water supplies negatively?

What type of waves are responsible for the most destruction during earthquakes?

Which landform is formed by the collision of two continental plates?

What geological process is responsible for the formation of Block Mountains?

Where is the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) located?

What scale is used to measure the strength of earthquakes based on the energy released?

How do Rift Valleys differ from Block Mountains in terms of formation?

What distinguishes Horsts from Grabens in terms of landforms associated with faults?

Which layer of the Earth is composed of solid but plastic-like rock?

What is the main factor that determines crystal size in igneous rocks?

How do Shield Volcanoes differ from Composite Volcanoes based on their eruption style?

Which type of volcano is characterized by multiple layers of hardened lava, ash, and rock debris from successive explosive eruptions?

What process leads to the formation of magma in the Earth's mantle or lower crust?

Why do developing countries often suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

What distinguishes active volcanoes from dormant ones?

Which type of seismic waves move the ground up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

What distinguishes Shield Volcanoes from Cinder Cone Volcanoes?

What is the primary impact on human activity in fold mountain regions due to their terrain characteristics?

How do volcanic soils contribute to agriculture?

'Community Preparedness' efforts for earthquakes include:

What classifies as an 'Extinct Volcano'?