Sum Ch 3: Geomorphology
270 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which layer of the Earth is directly beneath the crust?

  • Inner Core
  • Lithosphere
  • Mantle (correct)
  • Outer Core

    • What is the composition of the outer core of the Earth primarily made of?

  • Nickel and Iron (correct)
  • Gold and Silver
  • Silicon and Oxygen
  • Aluminum and Magnesium

    • Why does the inner core of the Earth remain solid despite extreme heat?

  • Due to the high nickel content
  • Due to volcanic activity
  • Due to low temperatures
  • Due to immense pressures (correct)

    • Which layer of the Earth can reach temperatures up to 5,000°C?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the crust and the mantle of the Earth?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer forms the upper part of the lithosphere?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some positive impacts of volcanic activity on people and the environment?

    <p>Rich volcanic soils for agriculture, mineral resources, and tourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can volcanic eruptions affect human health?

    <p>Releasing harmful gases and ash, posing health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way volcanic areas can benefit human populations economically?

    <p>Attracting tourists and boosting local economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic soils impact agriculture?

    <p>They are rich in nutrients, making them highly fertile for farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative impact on water sources can volcanic ash have?

    <p>Contaminating water supplies and impacting agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can volcanic areas contribute to the economy besides tourism?

    <p>Supplying rich minerals like gold and diamonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tectonic plate boundary is associated with the formation of fold mountains?

    <p>Convergent plate boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a notable fold mountain range?

    <p>Andes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault is formed when rocks are being pulled apart?

    <p>Normal fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seismic wave type moves the ground up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural resource is often harnessed from rivers flowing through mountains?

    <p>Hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates called?

    <p>Focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of large undersea disturbances like earthquakes or volcanic activity?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What logarithmic scale is used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

    <p>Richter scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fault results from horizontal movement causing rocks to slide past each other?

    <p>Strike-slip fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What seismic waves are the fastest type, squeezing or stretching the ground through solids and liquids?

    <p>Primary Waves (P-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in impact between major and great earthquakes?

    <p>Loss of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that may lead to greater devastation from earthquakes in developing countries compared to developed countries?

    <p>Less robust emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of volcano does lava flow great distances from a central vent?

    <p>Shield volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant immediate impact of earthquakes on infrastructure?

    <p>Destruction to buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is formed from multiple layers of lava, ash, and rock debris from successive explosive eruptions?

    <p>Stratovolcano (Composite volcano)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some characteristics of shield volcanoes?

    <p>Gentle slopes from effusive lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for shaping the Earth's crust through the movements of tectonic plates?

    <p>Folding and faulting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At constructive plate margins, what geological feature is typically formed?

    <p>Mid-ocean ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate margin involves two continental plates colliding?

    <p>Collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal?

    <p>Recumbent fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold involves the rock breaking and sliding over itself under extreme pressure?

    <p>Overthrust fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is NOT typically created at destructive plate margins?

    <p>Mid-ocean ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold involves rock layers being tilted in one direction?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What monitoring technique can be used to detect slope changes in volcanoes?

    <p>Using tilt meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of understanding and preparing for the effects of tectonic activities like earthquakes and volcanoes?

    <p>Minimizing geological risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of rock forms when magma cools below the surface?

    <p>Intrusive rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock results from extreme pressure and temperature without melting?

    <p>Metamorphic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of igneous activity does not reach the Earth's surface?

    <p>Intrusive activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is associated with sedimentary rocks like limestone?

    <p>Karst landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for large masses of igneous rock that form deep below the Earth's surface?

    <p>Batholiths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the movement of continents over geological time?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth consists of solid but plastic-like rock that can flow?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature can the Earth's mantle reach?

    <p>5,000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe)?

    <p>Outer Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the inner core of the Earth remains solid?

    <p>High pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is the deepest?

    <p>Inner Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common activity associated with fold mountains?

    <p>Terrace farming for agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of faulting?

    <p>Compression pushing rocks apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic wave moves the ground similarly to ocean waves?

    <p>Surface Waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of tsunamis?

    <p>Generated by large undersea disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In earthquake measurement, what does the Richter scale quantify?

    <p>Energy released by an earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is created by elevated blocks between faults?

    <p>Block Mountains (Horsts)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of earthquakes on human activities?

    <p>Disrupting infrastructure and livelihoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault results from horizontal movement causing strike-slip faults?

    <p>(Strike-slip) Faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "A series of ocean waves caused by large undersea disturbances" describes what natural event?

    <p>(Tsunami)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What can cause large undersea disturbances like earthquakes or volcanic activity?"

    <p>(Underwater explosions)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic features like calderas, hot springs, and geysers contribute to the local economy?

    <p>By attracting tourists and boosting the economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common negative impact of volcanic eruptions on human populations?

    <p>Property damage from lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can volcanic areas be beneficial for mineral resources?

    <p>By providing rich sources of minerals like diamonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health risk associated with volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Contaminated water supplies from volcanic ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic soils benefit agriculture?

    <p>By providing rich nutrients for farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of volcanic eruptions on property?

    <p>Destruction of settlements, infrastructure, and land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate margin involves plates sliding past each other without creating or destroying crust?

    <p>Conservative Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault results from rocks being pushed together under high pressure?

    <p>Thrust fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological process shapes the Earth's crust through tectonic plate movements?

    <p>Folding and faulting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold is characterized by a simple, step-like structure with rock layers tilted in one direction?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which plate margin do two continental plates collide, pushing material to form mountain ranges?

    <p>Collision Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the impact of earthquakes on infrastructure in developed countries versus developing countries?

    <p>Developed countries have better infrastructure and preparedness strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does volcanic activity have on water sources, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increased water pollution due to volcanic ash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can developing countries suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

    <p>Less stringent building codes in developing countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is characterized by explosive eruptions ejecting ash and lava fragments?

    <p>Cinder Cone Volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which magma originates due to melting caused by pressure, heat, or the presence of water?

    <p>Magma Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of shield volcanoes?

    <p>Gentle slopes formed by effusive eruptions of low-viscosity lava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do advanced warning systems aid in earthquake management?

    <p>By providing advance alerts to mitigate damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano forms from multiple layers of hardened lava, ash, and rock debris from successive explosive eruptions?

    <p>(Stratovolcanoes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common immediate impact of earthquakes on health and safety risks?

    <p>(Resource Shortages)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sedimentary rocks typically formed?

    <p>By the solidification of sediments over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of intrusive igneous activity?

    <p>Formation of tors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes dykes from sills in geological formations?

    <p>Dykes cut across existing rock layers vertically, sills are horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates metamorphic rocks from igneous rocks?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks have a different crystal size, igneous rocks do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sedimentary rock landforms like karst landscapes typically found in limestone areas?

    <p>As a result of the rock's resistance to erosion and permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of laccoliths and lopoliths in intrusive formations?

    <p>Involve uplift or downward sagging between rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do batholiths differ from pipes in intrusive igneous formations?

    <p>Pipes allow magma movement toward the surface, batholiths do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do sedimentary rocks tend to accumulate in layers before solidifying?

    <p>To compact over time under high pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the Earth's outer core primarily made of?

    <p>Nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is solid yet capable of flowing due to its plastic-like nature?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature can the Earth's inner core reach?

    <p>$0°C$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is directly below the crust?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth forms the upper part of the lithosphere?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock forms from existing igneous or sedimentary rocks under extreme pressure and temperature conditions?

    <p>Metamorphic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrusive body is known for being chimney-like structures that allow magma to move towards the surface?

    <p>Dykes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the theory of continental drift based on matching glacial traces in different continents?

    <p>Distribution of fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is typically associated with sedimentary rocks like limestone, characterized by caves, springs, and aquifers?

    <p>Karst landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the transformation of rock types over geological time due to Earth's internal and external processes?

    <p>The rock cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is characterized by eruptions that eject lava, ash, and rock fragments explosively?

    <p>Stratovolcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant geological factor determines the resistance to erosion and permeability of landforms?

    <p>Type of rock present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of laccoliths and lopoliths as intrusive bodies?

    <p>Shaped by magma intrusion between rock layers causing uplift or downward sagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is created from the erosion of surrounding material, leaving exposed core-stones as residual formations?

    <p>Tors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for the creation of new crust at constructive plate margins?

    <p>Accretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal and forms under very high pressure?

    <p>Recumbent Fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes overthrust folds (nappes) from other fold types?

    <p>Breakage and sliding over itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is likely to occur when two continental plates collide at collision margins?

    <p>Mountain range uplift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes a monocline from other types of folds?

    <p>Step-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event can sticking plates at conservative plate margins cause due to pressure build-up?

    <p>Severe earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of magma rising and solidifying at divergent plate margins?

    <p>New crust generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does intense pressure play in the formation of folds?

    <p>It bends and folds rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes destructive plate margins from conservative plate margins?

    <p>Subduction of oceanic plates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the monitoring of gas emissions and ground temperature in volcanoes help predict?

    <p>Volcanic eruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can volcanic eruptions negatively impact human health?

    <p>By releasing harmful gases and ash, posing health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a detrimental effect of volcanic activity on agriculture?

    <p>Destruction of fertile volcanic soils by lava flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do volcanic areas contribute positively to local economies?

    <p>By attracting tourists and boosting economic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable benefit of volcanic soils for agriculture?

    <p>Rich nutrient content enhancing soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landforms can be destroyed by lava flows from volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Settlements, infrastructure, and agricultural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do volcanic regions attract significant tourist interest?

    <p>For the abundance of hot springs, geysers, and calderas as features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes?

    <p>Movement of tectonic plates at fault lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waves radiate from the earthquake focus in all directions?

    <p>Seismic Waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landforms are formed by elevated blocks between faults?

    <p>Block Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault results from rocks being pushed together under high pressure?

    <p>Reverse Fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are rift valleys formed?

    <p>By blocks created by fault movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waves move the ground up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the logarithmic scale used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

    <p>Richter scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process sculpts the Earth's physical landscape and significantly affects human activities?

    <p>Folding and faulting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what direction do surface waves roll the ground during earthquakes?

    <p>Forward and Backward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landforms are suitable for terrace farming due to their folding at convergent plate boundaries?

    <p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the immediate impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes?

    <p>Disruption of gas supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a cinder cone volcano from a shield volcano?

    <p>Characterized by gentle slopes from effusive lava eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do advanced warning systems contribute to earthquake management?

    <p>Mitigating damage by providing advance alerts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates composite volcanoes from cinder cone volcanoes?

    <p>Multiple layers of hardened lava, ash, and rock debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of preparedness initiatives in developed countries for earthquakes?

    <p>Building earthquake-resistant structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can developing countries potentially suffer greater devastation from earthquakes?

    <p>Higher population densities in vulnerable areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does magma have on the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption?

    <p>It pushes through a vent becoming lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of earthquake has the potential to cause catastrophic damage?

    <p><strong>Great</strong> earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological event leads to the formation of volcanoes?

    <p>Molten rock rising from beneath the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that defines shield volcanoes?

    <p>Gentle slopes due to effusive lava eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for studying the Earth's layers and structure?

    <p>To analyze plate tectonics and geophysical processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth remains solid despite extreme heat due to immense pressures at Earth's center?

    <p>Inner Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the Earth's Outer Core primarily made of?

    <p>Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle located?

    <p>At the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how thick is the mantle layer of the Earth?

    <p>2,900 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes the crust from the mantle of the Earth?

    <p>Composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the transformation of rock types through geological time in the rock cycle?

    <p>Earth's internal and surface processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intrusive igneous body is typically horizontal and forms between rock layers?

    <p>Sills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock forms when existing igneous or sedimentary rocks undergo extreme pressure and temperature conditions without melting?

    <p>Metamorphic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes igneous rock landforms called tors from other types of landforms?

    <p>Result of erosion leaving exposed core-stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supporting continental drift is based on similar rock formations and fossil evidence across continents?

    <p>Geology and Fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory posits that the continents once formed a supercontinent named Pangaea?

    <p>Theory of Continental Drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the process of formation of sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Erosion breaks down rocks into sediments, which accumulate, compact, and solidify over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates laccoliths from lopoliths in intrusive igneous activity?

    <p>Shaping by magma intrusion between rock layers vs. shaping by magma filling cracks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>Plate tectonics movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic wave is the fastest and travels through the Earth's crust?

    <p>Primary Waves (P-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the logarithmic scale used to measure the strength of earthquakes?

    <p>Richter Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landforms are formed between blocks due to faulting?

    <p>Block Mountains (Horsts)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is directly above the point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates?

    <p>Epicentre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Surface Waves differ from Primary Waves (P-waves) and Secondary Waves (S-waves)?

    <p>They roll the ground similarly to ocean waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Reverse faults' are primarily associated with which geological process?

    <p>Fold Mountains formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Strike-slip faults' are a result of which type of tectonic activity?

    <p>'Lateral Forces'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Terrace farming is a common practice on the slopes of which geological feature?'

    <p>'Block Mountains (Horsts)'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hydroelectric power generation' is often associated with rivers flowing through which type of geological feature?

    <p>'Fold Mountains'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential detrimental impact of volcanic eruptions on air travel?

    <p>Health risks associated with harmful gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes volcanic soils beneficial for agriculture?

    <p>Rich nutrients making them fertile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of geological feature found in volcanic regions attracts significant tourist interest?

    <p>Calderas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common negative impact of volcanic eruptions on property?

    <p>Destruction of settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic areas contribute positively to local economies?

    <p>By attracting tourists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can volcanic areas be beneficial for mineral resources?

    <p>By being rich in minerals like diamonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes major earthquakes from minor ones?

    <p>The intensity of seismic activity and potential for severe damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do developing countries differ from developed countries in terms of earthquake preparedness?

    <p>Developing countries face greater devastation due to weaker emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor influences the classification of volcanoes based on their eruptive history?

    <p>Whether they have erupted recently or not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cinder cone volcanoes differ from shield volcanoes?

    <p>Cinder cone volcanoes form from low-viscosity lava, whereas shield volcanoes result from explosive eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common to all composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes)?

    <p>Formation from multiple layers of hardened lava and ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do dormant volcanoes pose a potential threat despite showing no recent activity?

    <p>They accumulate magma over time, increasing the risk of future eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do shield volcanoes differ from composite volcanoes?

    <p>Shield volcanoes lack multiple layers of lava and ash seen in composite structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes active volcanoes from extinct ones?

    <p>Active volcanoes are more likely to erupt again compared to extinct ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the rise of magma through cracks in the Earth's crust?

    <p>Volcanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary method used in developed countries to mitigate earthquake damage?

    <p>Enhancing infrastructure resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process shapes the Earth's crust through tectonic plate movements?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold involves rock layers being tilted in one direction?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of laccoliths and lopoliths in intrusive formations?

    <p>Magma intrusion between rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are rift valleys formed?

    <p>From tectonic plate movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of faulting?

    <p>Tectonic plate movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is characterized by eruptions that eject lava, ash, and rock fragments explosively?

    <p>Stratovolcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common immediate impact of earthquakes on health and safety risks?

    <p><strong>Structural damage</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the crust and the mantle in the Earth?

    <p>Mohorovičić Discontinuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe)?

    <p>Inner Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate thickness of the mantle in the Earth?

    <p>2,900 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth can reach temperatures up to 5,000°C?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical state of the rock composition in the Earth's mantle?

    <p>Solid but plastic-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth remains solid despite extreme heat due to immense pressures at the center of Earth?

    <p>Inner Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential detrimental impact of volcanic activity on water supplies?

    <p>Contamination by volcanic ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic soils primarily benefit agriculture?

    <p>By providing balanced nutrients for plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common negative consequence of volcanic eruptions for human populations?

    <p>Health risks from harmful gases and ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are volcanic regions significant for tourism?

    <p>High interest in volcanic features like calderas and geysers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic areas contribute negatively to human settlements?

    <p>By creating harmful emissions that impact health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do volcanic regions influence local economies positively?

    <p>Attracting tourists interested in volcanic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is characterized by residual core-stones left after surrounding material erodes due to the exposure of igneous rock?

    <p>Tors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrusive igneous body is typically horizontal and forms between existing rock layers?

    <p>Sills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when existing igneous or sedimentary rocks undergo extreme pressure and temperature conditions without melting?

    <p>Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evidence supporting continental drift involves the finding of coal deposits in regions that were once part of the same landmass?

    <p>Coal Deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes laccoliths from lopoliths in terms of their formation?

    <p>Direction of intrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the crystal size within igneous rock during the cooling process?

    <p>Rate of cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary involves two tectonic plates moving apart from each other?

    <p><em>Divergent plate boundary</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological activity occurs at conservative plate margins?

    <p>Sliding past without creating or destroying crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are recumbent folds characterized?

    <p>Nearly horizontal limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold involves one limb steeply inclined?

    <p>Overfold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of compressive forces causing rock layers to buckle and fold?

    <p>Tilting in one direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault involves horizontal movement causing rocks to slide past each other?

    <p>Strike-slip fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause pressure build-up at conservative plate margins leading to severe earthquakes?

    <p>Sticking plates sliding past each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary geological process responsible for creating mountains and valleys?

    <p>Folding and faulting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcanic feature is characterized by gradual lava flows from a central vent?

    <p>Shield volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under extreme pressure, what type of fold can occur where the rock breaks and slides over itself?

    <p>Overthrust Fold (Nappe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of boundary is characterized by plates moving apart, allowing magma to rise and solidify?

    <p>Constructive Margins (Divergent)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes composite (stratovolcanoes) from shield volcanoes?

    <p>Composite volcanoes form from explosive eruptions, while shield volcanoes form from effusive eruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might developing countries be more vulnerable to earthquake devastation compared to developed countries?

    <p>Developing countries often lack stringent building codes and robust emergency response capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of volcano is characterized by explosive eruptions forming steep conical mounds?

    <p>Cinder Cone Volcanoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of major to great earthquakes on densely populated areas?

    <p>Serious to catastrophic damage and loss of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immediate impact of earthquakes leads to disruptions in essential resources like water and electricity supplies?

    <p>Resource Shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature between active and dormant volcanoes?

    <p>Active volcanoes have shown recent activity, while dormant volcanoes have not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fold mountains?

    <p>Compression from rocks being pushed together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of faulting is characterized by rocks being pushed together?

    <p>Reverse faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is associated with rift valleys?

    <p>Grabens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seismic waves squeeze or stretch the ground as they travel through the Earth's crust?

    <p>Primary Waves (P-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement causes strike-slip faults?

    <p>Horizontal movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold involves rocks being tilted in one direction?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is typically formed between fault lines?

    <p>Block Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the Earth's inner core remaining solid?

    <p>Immense pressures at Earth's center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How thick is the liquid layer of the outer core beneath the mantle?

    <p>2,250 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the Earth's outermost solid layer, where humans live?

    <p>Thinner under oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature can the mantle of the Earth reach?

    <p>$5,000^{\circ}$C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the crust and mantle?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of nickel and iron?

    <p>Outer Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in the rock cycle involves existing rocks transforming under extreme pressure and temperature without melting?

    <p>Formation of Metamorphic Rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intrusive igneous body is characterized by chimney-like structures allowing magma movement toward the surface?

    <p>Pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform type is associated with igneous rock and characterized by residual core-stones left after surrounding material erodes?

    <p>Tors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key geologic feature aligns closely between the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa, supporting the theory of continental drift?

    <p>Jigsaw Fit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major factor significantly influences landscapes by determining a landform's resistance to erosion and permeability?

    <p>Type of Rock Present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive feature characterizes laccoliths and lopoliths among intrusive igneous bodies?

    <p>Uplift or Downward Sagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary benefits of volcanic activity on agriculture?

    <p>High nutrient content in volcanic soils and enhanced fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic features contribute to boosting local economies?

    <p>Through attracting tourists and generating income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major negative impact of volcanic eruptions on human health?

    <p>Release of harmful gases and ash posing health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do volcanic regions contribute to mineral resources?

    <p>By providing rich deposits of precious minerals like diamonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant environmental impact of volcanic activity?

    <p>Pollution of water supplies with volcanic ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lava flows and mudflows contribute to property damage in volcanic regions?

    <p>By destroying settlements, infrastructure, and agricultural land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of fold mountains such as the Himalayas?

    <p>Plate tectonics and collision of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fold types involves limbs that are nearly horizontal and usually forms under very high pressure?

    <p>Recumbent Fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes recumbent folds from other types of folds?

    <p>Horizontal limbs under high pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological feature results from two continental plates colliding and pushing material upward?

    <p>Mountain ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geological setting would you most likely find an overfold structure?

    <p>Near the San Andreas Fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes overthrust folds (nappes) from other types of folds?

    <p>'Thrusting' of rocks over themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological process leads to the creation of new crust and mid-ocean ridges?

    <p>'Moving apart' of plates at constructive margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of an oceanic plate subducting under a continental plate at destructive plate margins?

    <p>'Deep-sea trenches' and 'volcanic island arcs'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sliding past each other' without crust creation or destruction occurs at which type of plate boundary?

    <p>'Conservative Margins'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Formation of new crust' happens primarily at which type of plate boundary?

    <p>'Constructive Margins'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for the formation of the Alps and Himalayas?

    <p>Folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tectonic force leads to the creation of reverse faults or folds?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seismic wave causes the most destruction during an earthquake?

    <p>Surface Waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a tsunami?

    <p>Tectonic earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is used to measure and record seismic waves during an earthquake?

    <p>Seismograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category range on the Richter scale for earthquakes that can cause damage to buildings and structures?

    <p>Moderate to Strong (5-6.9)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landforms are elevated blocks formed between faults known as?

    <p>Block Mountains (Horsts)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate impact do major to great earthquakes have on infrastructure?

    <p>Destruction to buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcanic activity could lead to the formation of conical mounds around the vent?

    <p>Eruption ejecting ash and lava fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes developed countries from developing countries concerning earthquake impacts?

    <p>Robust emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes)?

    <p>Successive explosive eruptions depositing layers of lava and ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes due to the effusive eruption of low-viscosity lava?

    <p>Shield volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of preparedness efforts in developed countries regarding earthquakes?

    <p>Tools like early warning systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a common feature of an extinct volcano?

    <p>Lack of recorded eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser